Users Online Now:
1,284
(
Who's On?
)
Visitors Today:
7,061
Pageviews Today:
11,367
Threads Today:
4
Posts Today:
88
12:08 AM
Directory
Adv. Search
Topics
Forum
Back to Forum
Back to Thread
REPLY TO THREAD
Subject
WHAT IS HAPPENING AT WHITE ISLAND VOLCANO??? New Zealand/Kermadec & South Pacific QUAKE/VOLCANO WATCH
User Name
Font color:
Default
Dark Red
Red
Orange
Brown
Yellow
Green
Olive
Cyan
Blue
Dark Blue
Indigo
Violet
Black
Font:
Default
Verdana
Tahoma
Ms Sans Serif
In accordance with industry accepted best practices we ask that users limit their copy / paste of copyrighted material to the relevant portions of the article you wish to discuss and no more than 50% of the source material, provide a link back to the original article and provide your original comments / criticism in your post with the article.
[quote:Anonymous Coward 19593543:MV8xODU4NDY2XzM1MDAwNTAxXzRFQ0Y4N0M4] Volcanic hazards at White Island [b] VOLCANIC HAZARDS AT WHITE ISLAND by J.W. Cole+ , I.A. Nairn* & B.F. Houghton*[/b] INTRODUCTION White Island is currently New Zealand’s most frequently active volcano. Situated 48 km offshore in the Bay of Plenty (Figure 1), its activity is often clearly visible to inhabitants of the surrounding region. The island was the scene of one of the three major volcanic disasters in New Zealand when 11 sulphur miners were killed there in 1914 (the other disasters were the 1886 Tarawera eruption, and the 1953 Tangiwai rail disaster). Since 1976, White Island has been more active than at any other time in the last few hundred years, and has aroused considerable public interest in the level of volcanic hazard it presents to people in the Bay of Plenty region. Frequent explosive eruptions present an obvious threat to the increasing number of visitors to White Island, and to boats in close proximity offshore. The threat diminishes rapidly with distance, and no eruptions during the 160 years of White Island’s written history have been large enough to produce significant effects on the Bay of Plenty coast. However, recent scientific investigations have shown that White Island has a potential to produce large eruptions, although these are apparently unprecedented in the long life of the volcano. [b]The volcanic hazard arising from White Island has therefore to be assessed under two headings: (a) the obvious but local risk arising from typical White Island eruptions affecting the relatively few people on or close to the island at any one time, and (b),[u] the possible but much less likely, chance of an eruption big enough to affect the large number of people and investments around the Bay of Plenty coast.[/b][/u] [u][b]This booklet is intended to make information on the volcanic history and hazards at White Island available to residents of the Bay of Plenty region.[/b][/u] WHITE ISLAND ERUPTION HISTORY White Island (Figure 1) is the summit of a large (16 by 18 km) submarine volcano which has grown up from the sea floor at 300m to 400m depths. Only half the height and a very small proportion of the volume of this volcano are above sea level. The main crater (Figure 1) was formed in prehistoric times, apparently by the collapse of three overlapping roughly circular subcraters (Figure 2). The eastern subcrater was formed first, and now contains only minor hot spring activity. The central subcrater contains the Donald Mount fumaroles (vents emitting steam and hot gases), and the Noisy Nellie and Donald Duck craters and fumaroles. The western subcrater contains most of the eruption sites that have formed since 1960 and has been the main focus of activity during the island’s recorded history. Deep pits mark the sites of recently active vents. Most of the present main crater floor lies less than 30m above sea level, and has an irregular surface covered by mounts of avalanche debris from the 1914 disaster. Figure 1 (See above) Map of White Island showing positions of features on the island in 1990. The main crater is the near-flat area which extends between 1978/1990 Crater and the coast at Shark, Wilson and Crater bays. Activity at White Island as far back as 16,000 years ago is recorded by volcanic ash layers found in ocean floor sediment drill cores, but the island was undoubtedly active long before this time. The ocean floor core data provide the only presently available record of the prehistoric activity of White Island, as no old ash deposits from the volcano have yet been identified on the North Island. In fact, there is no evidence that White Island has ever significantly damaged the North Island, at least during the last 50,000 years of good geological record. The written history of White Island observations begins in 1826; since then a state of continuous low level activity with intermittent small eruptions has been recorded. The crater floor was often flooded by hot lakes, until these were permanently drained in 1913 so that sulphur deposits on the crater floor could be mined. In September 1914 the southwest corner of the high crater wall (see Figure 2) collapsed to produce a hot avalanche which buried 11 sulphur miners and destroyed buildings and equipment at the eastern end of the crater. Mounds left by this avalanche are visible in Figure 3. Since 1914 new vents have formed in the west and central subcraters, associated with small steam and ash eruptions. "1933 Crater" (Figure 2A) formed in that year during an explosive ash eruption; "Noisy Nellie Crater" formed prior to January 1947; "Big John Crater" grew to 50 m diameter during eruptions between 1962 and 1965. A steam and ash eruption in November 1966 accompanied formation of the 60m diameter, 120m deep new vent "Gilliver Crater". Rudolf vent grew from a fumarole during ash eruptions in 1968, to reach 45m diameter and 120m depth by 1969. Some ash fell on the North Island during these eruptions. Two years later, a single explosive eruption formed "1971 Crater". http://www.wi.co.nz/hazards.htm [/quote]
Original Message
Barcaroller
Targeting Coronal Hole (CH515). After analysis i have Isolated (1-9°N Latitude) on the solar corona. Strong characteristics of this feature indicate a possible 7 Magnitude earthquake in one of these locations during this watch period:
Costa Rica, Panama, Sudan, Ethiopia, Nicobar Islands or Northern Sumatra. Time frame May 9-11
Coronal feature situated (44-49°S Latitude) could produce a possible 5.5-5.8 Magnitude earthquake during May 5-6. Best mapped regions are : Aisen Chile, Auckland Islands New Zealand, Southern East Pacific Rise.
Updates and annotations will be added to the youtube video and description box.
Pictures (click to insert)
General
Politics
Bananas
People
Potentially Offensive
Emotions
Big Round Smilies
Aliens and Space
Friendship & Love
Textual
Doom
Misc Small Smilies
Religion
Love
Random
View All Categories
|
Next Page >>