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New Theory on Henry Moray "Free Energy" Device
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[link to www.rexresearch.com]
In the early 1900's, Dr T. Henry Moray created a "Free Energy" device that received what he described as 'Radiant Energy'. This device operated much like a 'cat's whisker' crystal radio receiving set whereby he is able to draw power from an antenna. The secret to this was his detector which was a crystal that he described as being 'self amplified'. He called this his "Swedish Stone".
After wondering what this mysterious material could be, and working with the few clues available; I've come to the conclusion that it was the mineral Gadolinite.
[link to www.geology.neab.net]
[link to www.geology.neab.net]
...A gadolinite crystal from the classical locality of Ytterby.
Mosander separated "yttria" from the mineral gadolinite into three fractions which he called yttria, erbia, and terbia.
[link to en.wikipedia.org]
[link to en.wikipedia.org]
[link to www.absoluteastronomy.com]
Gadolinite is a mineral of a nearly black color, opaque (but traces from uranium and thorium often gives it a rust colored surface) and vitreous luster and consisting principally of the silicates of:
cerium
lanthanum
neodymium
yttrium
beryllium
and iron
with formula: (Ce,La,Nd,Y)2FeBe2Si2O10. Called gadolinite-(Ce) or gadolinite-(Y) depending on the prominence of the variable element composition.
Gadolinite-(Ce) can be highly radioactive.
In 1880, Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac observed spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium in samples of didymium and gadolinite; French chemist Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran separated gadolinia, the oxide of Gadolinium, from Mosander's yttria in 1886.
(Ytterby, a village in Sweden near Vauxholm) Yttria, which is an earth containing yttrium, was discovered by Gadolin in 1794. Ytterby is the site of a quarry which yielded many unusual minerals containing rare earths and other elements. This small town, near Stockholm, bears the honor of giving names to erbium, terbium, and ytterbium as well as yttrium.
[link to www.scescape.net]
[link to www.speclab.com]
[link to periodic.lanl.gov]
Uses:
Gadolinium yttrium garnets are used in microwave applications and gadolinium compounds are used as phosphors in color television sets.
The metal has unusual superconductive properties. As little as 1 percent gadolinium improves the workability and resistance of iron, chromium, and related alloys to high temperatures and oxidation.
Gadolinium ethyl sulfate has extremely low noise characteristics and may find use in duplicating the performance of amplifiers, such as the maser.
The metal is ferromagnetic. Gadolinium is unique for its high magnetic movement and for its special Curie temperature (above which ferromagnetism vanishes) lying just at room temperature, meaning it could be used as a magnetic component that can sense hot and cold.
The Overhauser effect may be used in the spin multiplet of certain paramagnetic ions to obtain a negative absorption or stimulated emission at microwave frequencies. The use of nickel fluosilicate or gadolinium ethyl sulfate at liquid helium temperature is suggested to obtain a low noise microwave amplifier or frequency converter. The operation of a solid state maser based on this principle is discussed.
[link to prola.aps.org]
[link to home.nyc.rr.com]
issued ‘439 patent, now with the generalized title “Production of Electromagnetic Energy” (rather than “MICROWAVE OSCILLATOR”) begins:
This invention relates to apparatus for amplifying and producing electromagnetic energy directly from excited molecules or atoms, and has for its primary object the provision of means for obtaining electromagnetic energy which is generated directly by the change of state of molecules or atoms from a higher or excited state to a lower or unexcited state.
Its most important claim is:
1. Apparatus for obtaining electromagnetic energy from an ensemble of oscillating particles normally existing in thermal equilibrium in at least two different energy states and capable of transition between said states with output of energy comprising means for producing an unstable, non-equilibrium distribution of particles in said different energy states capable of radiating electromagnetic energy of a frequency related to the difference in energy between said energy states, an oscillatory electromagnetic circuit having an operating frequency range including the frequency of said electromagnetic energy, means for transferring said radiated energy to said circuit, and means for extracting energy from said circuit.
‘654 patent, which has the very general title “Uninterrupted amplifi-cation by stimulated emission of radiation from a substance having three energy states.”
1. In combination, a solid which is characterized by a multiple energy level system, means supplying driving energy to said solid for inducing enough transitions from one energy level to a non-adjacent, higher energy level of the system whereby the solid exhibits a negative temperature at a particular frequency, and means supplying to and abstracting from said solid energy of the particular frequency different from the frequency of said driving energy and corresponding to the separation between a pair of energy levels.
It is characteristic of a maser in accordance with the invention that its feasibility is little affected by details of the relaxation mechanism of the energy levels of the solid used to provide the negative temperature medium. This is an additional advantage provided by the invention. [e.g. such as in a semiconductor laser.]
Claim 5 is also very broad, and can be read as prior art for several of the claims in the ‘922 patent:
5. In combination, a cavity having at least two resonant modes, a solid which is characterized by a multiple energy level system positioned within said cavity, means supplying to the cavity driving energy at a frequency corresponding to one of the resonant modes of said cavity for inducing transitions between non-adjacent levels in said solid and establishing a negative temperature in the solid at the frequency of another of the resonant modes of the cavity, and means supplying to the solid energy at the last mentioned frequency for utilizing the negative temperature of the solid for amplification.
[link to en.wikipedia.org]
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I'm thinking Moray was harnessing a power from neutrinos. Something I call "Neutricity". His circuit may have acted as a type of MASER involving neutricity.
[link to www.earthquakewarning.org]
"Electrical resistance results from competition between two energies: electricity and a second energy. This phenomenon is known as Maxwell's Displacement, for the theory by James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell had proposed a "two-fluid" theory (Article 36) to explain electricity. Also, Maxwell held that electrons normally flow on the surface of a conductor (Article 80; see Coulomb's Law). "Neutricity" is the name Gallimore applied to the energy of Displacement"
[link to en.wikipedia.org]
[link to en.wikipedia.org]
"The neutrino was first postulated in 1931 by Wolfgang Pauli to explain the energy spectrum of beta decays, the decay of a neutron into a proton and an electron. Pauli theorized that an undetected particle was carrying away the observed difference between the energy and angular momentum of the initial and final particles."
"Most of the energy produced in supernovas is radiated away in the form of an immense burst of neutrinos."
[link to astron.berkeley.edu]
..."cold dark matter component, which is around 1/3 of the total energy in the universe."
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