Something Just Went BEZERK in the Gulf of Mexico. The US Navy just sunk a French Submarine | |
SR37 User ID: 1019703 United States 07/04/2010 01:15 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | [link to www.mpi.org.au] Abstract Interest in deep-sea mining developed in the early 1970’s, with a focus on manganese nodules in international waters. Mining may actually occur first, however, on rich polymetallic sulfide deposits associated with hydrothermal vents within Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs). Even though mining for polymetallic sulfides may not take place for several years, precautionary performance standards, environmental regulations, and the establishment of Marine Protected Areas may help guide the marine mining industry toward a goal of minimizing environmental impacts. Once substantial investments in prospecting and exploring a potential mining site are made, implementation of environmental regulations may prove to be much more difficult. Key Words Deep-sea mining, hydrothermal vents, manganese nodules, Marine Protected Areas, polymetallic sulfide deposits, precautionary management. 3 1. A brief history of deep-sea mining Interest in deep-sea mining of manganese nodules and other metal deposits developed in the early 1970’s as a result of rising metal prices, and out of concern for securing supplies of strategic and critical minerals. Predicted metal shortages did not materialize, however, and metal prices have remained at relatively low levels.1 In addition, high projected costs associated with mining manganese nodules inhibited nodule mining efforts. The regulatory environment for deep-sea mining may have also contributed to the failure of early attempts to exploit manganese nodules. Part XI of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the sea (UNCLOS) established an international legal regime governing deep-sea mining. However, several industrialised countries, including the United States, did not endorse the original 1982 Convention because they considered it to be an obstacle to the practical development of ocean mineral resources. However, in 1996, the Convention, as modified by a 1994 Agreement relating to the Implementation of Part XI, entered into force. *****NOTE THIS PART***** The International Seabed Authority (ISA), established under UNCLOS, is responsible for ensuring that the benefits of mining in international waters beyond the outer limit of the legal Continental Shelf are equitably shared, with an emphasis on ensuring a fair stream of benefits to developing countries and the protection of the environment from harmful effects arising from mining activities in international areas. However, one of the most important impacts of the Authority’s restrictions appears to be the redirection of prospecting and exploration away from international waters and into areas within the limits of national jurisdiction (Continental Shelf and EEZ) where regulations may be weaker or non-existent. ******NOTE THIS PART******* 2. Nature, distribution and economic importance of polymetallic sulfide deposits Polymetallic sulfide deposits are formed by hot (up to 350o C) seawater rising through the seafloor and precipitating leached metals in the form of submarine chimneys ('black smokers’) or domes. The resulting massive sulfide deposits can reach considerable size ranging from several thousand to about 100 million tons.3 Frequently, polymetallic sulfides are associated with mid-ocean ridges. However, recent discoveries have been made at relatively shallow depths (100m to 2000m) in backarc spreading centers.1, 4-5 Many of these deposits are located within EEZs (Japan, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea), leading to the suggestion that mining of such deposits may become technically and economically feasible in the relatively near future. 6-8 Polymetallic sulfide deposits are highly enriched in gold, copper, and base metals.5 For example, the recently discovered Sunrise deposit off Japan contains 20 ppm of gold, relative to a content of 0.5 ppm in an average deposit of similar geology.9 Sulfides from the Conical Seamount off Papua New Guinea (2.8 km basal diameter at 1,600 m water depth) have an average gold content of 26 ppm, with a maximum content in excess of 230 5 ppm (based on 40 samples).1 This is about 10 times the average value for economically mineable gold deposits on land.3 Mining technology for extracting polymetallic sulfides has not been fully developed as yet. It is envisioned, however, that mining would be conducted using large remotely-controlled hydraulic grabs or continuous mining systems with cutter heads and airlift.3 Unlike broad-scale manganese nodule mining, efforts to extract polymetallic sulfides will concentrate on individual mound-like deposits ranging up to the size of Capitol Hill. 3. Trends that are increasing interest in polymetallic sulfides Several trends appear to be increasing interest in deep-sea polymetallic sulfide mining: 1) advances in remote sensing, positioning, and underwater technology7; 2) the discovery of gold and silver deposits near hydrothermal vents in shallower water1, 7, 9; and 3) a move away from prospecting in highly regulated international seabed areas, toward activities within the EEZs of several countries (e.g, Papua New Guinea and Fiji). Currently, several private companies are proceeding with plans to prospect for deep-sea mineral deposits.6 The first polymetallic sulfide deposits reported within EEZs were discovered in the southwest Pacific in the mid-1980’s.3 Since sulfide deposits within EEZs do not fall under the jurisdiction of the International Seabed Authority, ISA fees, environmental regulations, and technology transfer provisions do not apply, perhaps accelerating the development of polymetallic sulfide mining. Recently, Papua New Guinea issued an exploration license to Nautilus Minerals Corp. for finding and mining high-grade seafloor polymetallic sulfide deposits within an area of about 5,000 square miles of its EEZ.1,10 6 Nautilus plans to extract 10,000 tons of polymetallic sulfide mineral deposits within two years, as part of the exploration, and to begin commercial mining by 2003. Sample ores contain up to 26% zinc, 15% copper, with 200 g of silver and about 30 g of gold to the ton.11 Furthermore, the Metal Mining Agency of Japan has begun a 5-year study of the feasibility of mining a large sulfide deposit in the Okinawa Trough. Industry analysts indicate that the economic prospects for mining polymetallic sulfide deposits associated with hydrothermal vents are increasing, and that mining operations could start within 5 to 10 years.6-7,11 4. Potential Environmental Impacts Although it is now thought that hydrothermal vents may have been the cradle of life on earth, the unique biological communities associated with them were discovered quite recently (in 1979). These communities, making up the world’s only fully chemosynthetic ecosystems, are very productive, ranking with estuaries and salt marshes. They are oases of very high biomass in the deep sea. Most vent animals, including giant tube worms, clams, and crabs, are new to science and found nowhere else. The high productivity, the degree of endemism, and other unique characteristics of vent communities give them high intrinsic value. Unique vent species may, in the future, be of use for biotechnology purposes.12 The Manus Basin north of Papua New Guinea is the first location other than a mid-ocean spreading axis where hydrothermal 'chimney’ deposits and associated vent fauna have been discovered.13 A hydrothermal field in the Manus Basin, which is targeted for mining, supports an exceptionally abundant biological community dependent on chemosynthetic bacteria.14 7 Some mining industry representatives have acknowledged the environmental sensitivity of vent ecosystems and have pledged to avoid large scale destruction of habitats. Published interviews6, 11, 15 suggest that many in the mining industry and some in the scientific community share a perception that sulfide deposit mining poses fewer environmental risks than does terrestrial mining. This perception appears to be based on several assumptions: 1) mining would not occur directly on vents, due to the hazardous conditions there; 2) sulfide deposits are not covered by thick layers of sediment, which could otherwise give rise to a destructive sediment plume; 3) the high density of sulfide particles will cause immediate redeposition of mining debris; and 4) vent communities are relatively ephemeral, reducing the risk of long-term damage (some have compared sulfide mining to farming6). While it seems clear that miners would avoid active vents (due to hazardous conditions), direct impacts on biological communities peripheral to vents and indirect impacts on vent communities themselves remain possibilities. Significant biological communities occur near cool or cold vents, as well as at hot vents.16 Crabs and other vent organisms have been observed quite far from actual vents, and may use large ranges for feeding.4 The Marine Minerals Service of the US Department of Interior concluded that a major fraction of the benthic life around vents would be destroyed by mining nearby. Last Edited by Account Deleted by User on 01/20/2014 10:36 PM |
RenegadeSon User ID: 1024993 United States 07/04/2010 01:16 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | So, Russia now owns the Mistral, but haven't got the ship yet? Interesting. Is this right? Quoting: Anonymous Coward 780295Russia is buying a 'Mistral' class ship from the French..not the Mistral itself. Last Edited by RenegadeSon on 07/04/2010 01:16 PM |
Hildoflight User ID: 1025068 United States 07/04/2010 01:16 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | A suggestion: OP stated his messages would be "some for you and some for code." Then some of us began looking for code messages in the dots, and OP suddenly had a problem. Perhaps we should not post whatever we think those dots mean, and just stick to the words which are meant for GLP. Quoting: Anonymous Coward 1022186Exactly!! |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 780295 United States 07/04/2010 01:18 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
SotoZen User ID: 1023520 United States 07/04/2010 01:19 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Interesting; clearly the French have very different (and tested) ideas about oil spill cleanup. [link to www.marketwatch.com] Quote: "It is also notable that in the "Use Of Sorbents for Spill Response," published in 2009 and Commissioned by the Maritime Affairs Directorate, and the French Navy, it has been determined that bulk sorbents (MOP is in this category) is the choice for Weathered Emulsified Crude Oil which is the specific application in the Gulf." Link to French Navy prepared document: [link to www.cedre.fr] |
Housedad GOD User ID: 1003657 United States 07/04/2010 01:20 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | I've been playing with the mores. Could it be a palindrome? There's always an Arquillian Battle Cruiser, or a Corillian Death Ray, or an intergalactic plague that is about to wipe out all life on this miserable little planet, and the only way these people can get on with their happy lives is that they DO NOT KNOW ABOUT IT! -Men in Black |
Housedad GOD User ID: 1003657 United States 07/04/2010 01:20 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | That is playing with the morse..... There's always an Arquillian Battle Cruiser, or a Corillian Death Ray, or an intergalactic plague that is about to wipe out all life on this miserable little planet, and the only way these people can get on with their happy lives is that they DO NOT KNOW ABOUT IT! -Men in Black |
Krispy71 User ID: 962920 Netherlands 07/04/2010 01:22 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Helium-3 is a primordial component in the Earth's crust, is deposited via solar wind on moons and asteroids. WIKI : Helium-3, as an isotope, was postulated to be radioactive ... > radioactive tarballs !!!!! The presence of helium-3 in underground gas deposits implied that it either did not decay or had an extremely long half-life compatible with a primordial isotope Due to the lower atomic mass of helium-3 (3.0160293 amu), it has significantly different properties from helium-4 (4.0026 amu). Because of the weak induced dipole-dipole interaction between helium atoms, their physical properties are mainly determined by zero point energy (groundstate kinetic energy), and the lower mass of helium-3 causes it to have higher zero point energy, which means helium-3 can overcome dipole-dipole interaction with less thermal energy than helium-4. Helium-3 boils at 3.19 kelvin compared to helium-4's 4.23 K, and its critical point is also lower at 3.35 K, compared to helium-4's 5.19 K. It has less than half the density when liquid at its boiling point: 0.059 g/ml compared to helium-4's 0.12473 g/ml at one atmosphere. Its latent heat of vaporization is also considerably lower at 0.026 kJ/mol compared to helium-4's 0.0829 kJ/mol.[4] [link to books.google.com] Some helium-3 leaks up through deep-sourced hotspot volcanoes such as those of the Hawaiian islands Around subduction zones, various sources produce helium-3 in natural gas deposits which possibly contain a thousand tonnes of helium-3 (although there may be 25 thousand tonnes if all ancient subduction zones have such deposits). Wittenberg estimated that United States crustal natural gas sources may have only half a tonne total.[32] Wittenberg cited Anderson's estimate of another 1200 metric tonnes in interplanetary dust particles on the ocean floors (Magnetised water > ??? maby coz of / for ) The nuclei of some atoms (such as He-3, but not He-4) have an intrinsic spin. In a magnetized (or "polarized") gas, these spins can be lined up in the same direction, by various means. After this, like gyroscopes, the nuclei continue to spin with their axes pointed toward one direction in space, regardless of the direction of changing motions of the gas atoms that contain them. Polarized (also referred to as hyperpolarized) helium-3 gas may be produced directly, using lasers of the appropriate frequency. With the use of a thin layer of protective cesium metal on the inside of gas cylinders, the magnetized gas may then be stored at pressures of 10 atm, for up to 100 hours. When inhaled, mixtures containing the gas can be imaged with an MRI-like scanner which produces breath by breath images of lung ventilation, in real-time. Applications of this experimental technique are just beginning to be explored B3 ...? B-fase of helium3 ??? Magnetic field .... In zero magnetic field, there are two distinct superfluid phases of 3He, the A-phase and the B-phase. The B-phase is the low-temperature, low-pressure phase which has an isotropic energy gap. The A-phase is the higher temperature, higher pressure phase that is further stabilized by a magnetic field and has two point nodes in its gap. The presence of two phases is a clear indication that 3He is an unconventional superfluid (superconductor), since the presence of two phases requires an additional symmetry, other than gauge symmetry, to be broken. Last Edited by Account Deleted by User on 01/20/2014 10:37 PM |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 780295 United States 07/04/2010 01:22 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Interesting; clearly the French have very different (and tested) ideas about oil spill cleanup. Quoting: SotoZen 1023520[link to www.marketwatch.com] Quote: "It is also notable that in the "Use Of Sorbents for Spill Response," published in 2009 and Commissioned by the Maritime Affairs Directorate, and the French Navy, it has been determined that bulk sorbents (MOP is in this category) is the choice for Weathered Emulsified Crude Oil which is the specific application in the Gulf." Link to French Navy prepared document: [link to www.cedre.fr] you know, if i were the French, which i partly am, i would be curious too. our Prez wants no help from our Allies? who have good ideas? put aside the ego in times of tragedy please. Clinton said he would have graciously accepted help from our foreign allies. What gives Barry? |
SotoZen User ID: 1023520 United States 07/04/2010 01:22 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Hmmmm, why aren't we using this? "Regarding the Gulf Oil Spill; MOP Environmental's patented product MOP Maximum Oil Pickup has the ability to capture and contain the Gulf Oil Spill at its source and all locations out to its furthest perimeter including the marshlands and beaches. Where the oil has landed on beaches or land it will separate and remove the oil from the soil, or sand on site quickly. MOP Environmental's oil-only pickup product is called MOP Maximum Oil Pickup. MOP floats, is all natural, it is safe to the environment including birds, animals, and aquatic life. It is rapidly deployed at over 150 mph using MOP Environmental's MOP-Cannon and removed using their MOP-Vac. MOP is applied above water or below water where it floats up and locks in oil, completely neutralizing all potential harmful effects of the spilled oil. It is the only known oil recovery method that will work under all weather conditions. The oil can be retrieved for re-use where the resulting profit is greater than the expense of cleanup." [link to www.marketwired.com] Last Edited by Account Deleted by User on 01/20/2014 10:37 PM |
Krispy71 User ID: 962920 Netherlands 07/04/2010 01:25 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Quoting: Anonymous Coward 900755 |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 780295 United States 07/04/2010 01:27 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Some helium-3 leaks up through deep-sourced hotspot volcanoes such as those of the Hawaiian islands so if they have tapped a volcano of some sort, those hoses we see right on top of cap, sucking up something, could be gathering helium 3? |
SR37 User ID: 1019703 United States 07/04/2010 01:28 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Russia just purchased the Mistral and is planning to purchase more. This transfer just happened a few weeks ago, I wonder when Russia took possession of the Mistral? They bought one fully loaded. Quoting: Anonymous Coward 969583Where are you getting that information from? According to the article below, as of July 2 they were still negotiating the sale. [link to www.expatica.com] They are negotiating Russia purchasing three more yet to be built. The Mistral took port in St Petersburg in 2009! [link to www.armybase.us] France’s Mistral helicopter carrier on Monday made a port call in St. Petersburg, a Russian Navy spokesman said. Russia is seeking to buy a Mistral-class amphibious assault ship, worth 400-500 million euros and the ship arrived in Russia’s second city to be shown off to military personnel and the public. [link to english.ruvr.ru] Russia’s ”Rosoboronexport” has gone into talks with the Defense Ministry into the fulfillment of a contract to purchase a French-made Mistral helicopter-carriers. Mistral’s General Director Anatly Isaikin says the contract provides for setting the technical parameters and holding talks before the purchase. |
TheWatcher User ID: 997697 United States 07/04/2010 01:29 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Quoting: Krispy71 Lol, people everywhere are desperate to know the "why" this is being allowed to continue. |
arosebyanyothername User ID: 522638 United States 07/04/2010 01:32 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Hmmmm, why aren't we using this? Quoting: SotoZen 1023520"Regarding the Gulf Oil Spill; MOP Environmental's patented product MOP Maximum Oil Pickup has the ability to capture and contain the Gulf Oil Spill at its source and all locations out to its furthest perimeter including the marshlands and beaches. Where the oil has landed on beaches or land it will separate and remove the oil from the soil, or sand on site quickly. MOP Environmental's oil-only pickup product is called MOP Maximum Oil Pickup. MOP floats, is all natural, it is safe to the environment including birds, animals, and aquatic life. It is rapidly deployed at over 150 mph using MOP Environmental's MOP-Cannon and removed using their MOP-Vac. MOP is applied above water or below water where it floats up and locks in oil, completely neutralizing all potential harmful effects of the spilled oil. It is the only known oil recovery method that will work under all weather conditions. The oil can be retrieved for re-use where the resulting profit is greater than the expense of cleanup." [link to www.marketwired.com] I read about that a month or so ago. The only conclusion anyone can ascertain is that THEY do NOT want to clean it up. Can anyone deny this? Last Edited by Account Deleted by User on 01/20/2014 10:38 PM |
dhlos User ID: 1024213 Greece 07/04/2010 01:35 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | H2 fusion = He4 (hydrogen bomb) He3 fission = H2 + H- valencies incomplete thus unstable Hydrogen atom He3 is rare because it is unstable having 1 double and 1 single bond thus making it energy cost effective in fission |
Doomamatrix User ID: 994710 United States 07/04/2010 01:38 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | I read about that a month or so ago. The only conclusion anyone can ascertain is that THEY do NOT want to clean it up. Quoting: arosebyanyothernameCan anyone deny this? Bingo. Obamacare: Never has so much been taken away from so many for so few. |
Anonymous Coward (OP) User ID: 1011531 France 07/04/2010 01:40 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward (OP) User ID: 1011531 France 07/04/2010 01:41 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1024213 Greece 07/04/2010 01:41 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Russia, Canada seek joint Arctic space monitoring project [link to en.rian.ru] Russia proposes setting up special fund for tackling oil spills — Medvedev [link to en.rian.ru] |
Chawlee User ID: 1025073 United States 07/04/2010 01:43 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Krispy71 User ID: 962920 Netherlands 07/04/2010 01:44 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Hmmmm, why aren't we using this? Quoting: SotoZen 1023520"Regarding the Gulf Oil Spill; MOP Environmental's patented product MOP Maximum Oil Pickup has the ability to capture and contain the Gulf Oil Spill at its source and all locations out to its furthest perimeter including the marshlands and beaches. Where the oil has landed on beaches or land it will separate and remove the oil from the soil, or sand on site quickly. MOP Environmental's oil-only pickup product is called MOP Maximum Oil Pickup. MOP floats, is all natural, it is safe to the environment including birds, animals, and aquatic life. It is rapidly deployed at over 150 mph using MOP Environmental's MOP-Cannon and removed using their MOP-Vac. MOP is applied above water or below water where it floats up and locks in oil, completely neutralizing all potential harmful effects of the spilled oil. It is the only known oil recovery method that will work under all weather conditions. The oil can be retrieved for re-use where the resulting profit is greater than the expense of cleanup." [link to www.marketwired.com] My thought is, that they need to collect this SOUP in this manner UNDER WATER. I read that when helium3 surfaces and goes up in the air it is not containable retrievable any more .... Maybe this is not all about helium3, but also other substances ... Thats why they dont want other noses around and helping them te collect it.: this is not ALL about OIL alone !!!! and not all about the algae ... This is a multi layered thing going on !!! Nobody would think or ever imagine the totallity of it all, that would be to absurd to consume and thus would not be believed and thus a perfect cover for what they are doing ... Last Edited by Account Deleted by User on 01/20/2014 10:37 PM |
Anonymous Coward (OP) User ID: 1011531 France 07/04/2010 01:44 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1024213 Greece 07/04/2010 01:45 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Russia, Canada seek joint Arctic space monitoring project [link to en.rian.ru] The satellite system will monitor climatic changes and survey energy resources in the Arctic region. It will monitor the weather and environment of the North Pole, pinpoint hydrocarbon deposits on the Arctic shelf, provide telecommunications over the hard-to-access areas and ensure safe air traffic and commercial shipping in the region. |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1024213 Greece 07/04/2010 01:46 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Krispy71 User ID: 962920 Netherlands 07/04/2010 01:47 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Some helium-3 leaks up through deep-sourced hotspot Quoting: Anonymous Coward 780295volcanoes such as those of the Hawaiian islands so if they have tapped a volcano of some sort, those hoses we see right on top of cap, sucking up something, could be gathering helium 3? yup maybe ... or some other important substances. They have to keep it UNDER WATER thats why they use that chemical compound to keep it below the surface away from the air ... thats why they burn off crude oil on the surface coz it is no use to them (ever wondered why they burn it instead of collecting it ???? |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 391217 United States 07/04/2010 01:49 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 780295 United States 07/04/2010 01:50 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Childoflight User ID: 505529 United States 07/04/2010 01:50 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Just saw one of these on the floor of the Gulf of Mexico!!!!SEALTITESKID...... High Pressure Leak Repair, Subsea & Casing Leaks - Seal Tite ... Seal-Tite offers a variety of delivery methods for our sealant products used in high pressure leak repair jobs, such as umbilical, … www.seal-tite.net/../delivery.html - Options Wonder what is up?Lot's of activity going on down there today! |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1024213 Greece 07/04/2010 01:52 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | World's largest telescope to be completed in 2011 in Antarctica The construction of the world's largest neutrino telescope, worth $271 million, will be completed in 2011, the Russian federal space agency said on its website on Thursday. "The telescope's size exceeds the overall height of the Empire State Building, the Sears Tower in Chicago and the Shanghai World Financial Center," Roscosmos said. The project's purpose is not to study the stars, but the Earth's depths. huh? really? [link to en.rian.ru] |