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REPORT COPYRIGHT VIOLATION IN REPLY
Message Subject Marko Rodin - Smart Lazer Technology
Poster Handle aether
Post Content
1) Coulomb = unit of electrical charge. Ampere = units of charge passing a point in a circuit in a given time. 1 coulomb per second = 1 ampere. "passing a point" clearly implies current, i.e., movement of charge.

2) Current only flows in (complete) circuits. This applies in space as well as anywhere. Lightning is a local breakdown of the atmospheric dielectric of the planetary Earth capacitor. The lightning "bolt" itself follows a circuit path consisting of plasma instead of wire. The complete circuit includes the ionosphere at one end and the Earth itself at the other.

Continuing out into space beyond the ionosphere, the solar wind is part of the circuit, as is the galactic arm. Birkeland currents flow in (complete) circuits just like any other currents. Interrupt the circuit and the current stops, sometimes violently depending on the amount of charge in the electric and magnetic fields related to the current.

Birkeland currents powering galaxies connect galaxies in clusters, always in (complete) circuits. There is no current in an incomplete circuit. Magnetic fields arise due to currents -- only. Charge alone is sufficient to establish an electric, i.e., static, field, but current is a requirement for a magnetic, i.e., dynamic, field.
 Quoting: observation
 
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