F.O.G. | |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/30/2011 01:13 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Good Morning Gabe. Namaste All. Quoting: El QuisqueyanoGood afternoon......... Is anybody else having problems with cell phones..... full bars butt not going through from all the solar flares thats what i'm thinking .... trying to get info from "friends" to see if anything is officially happening. |
FieryFlies User ID: 1331993 United States 07/30/2011 01:43 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | ... Quoting: GabrielGood afternoon......... Is anybody else having problems with cell phones..... full bars butt not going through I heard that putting it in a sealable container with rice will help dry it out. Like, bury it completely in the rice. Thanx FF. Am willing to try anything!! No line item in the budget for a new one!! Ha ha ha! Best! Hm. . . now I'm wondering how you managed to drop it in the toilet. A Stubborn Libertarian. Neither left, nor right, A Proud Texan. Veritas Liberabit Vos. |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/30/2011 01:47 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | ... Quoting: 2curiousI heard that putting it in a sealable container with rice will help dry it out. Like, bury it completely in the rice. Thanx FF. Am willing to try anything!! No line item in the budget for a new one!! Ha ha ha! Best! Hm. . . now I'm wondering how you managed to drop it in the toilet. |
FieryFlies User ID: 1331993 United States 07/30/2011 01:47 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | ... Quoting: FieryFliesI heard that putting it in a sealable container with rice will help dry it out. Like, bury it completely in the rice. Thanx FF. Am willing to try anything!! No line item in the budget for a new one!! Ha ha ha! Best! Hm. . . now I'm wondering how you managed to drop it in the toilet. One of life's mysteries I suppose. A Stubborn Libertarian. Neither left, nor right, A Proud Texan. Veritas Liberabit Vos. |
dettro99 User ID: 1463093 United States 07/30/2011 02:06 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/30/2011 02:10 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | I have the Energy Flow heading toward the are from Mexico to Peru. Pressures there are medium so look for 4.5 to 5.5 mags. Quoting: GabrielEnergy flow arrived without major pressure release and is now on the move toward Indonesia, New Guinea area. Pressure build up is high in that area. Moving into the region or out... hmmmm 2011-07-30 17:48:57.9 12.84 N 143.19 E 160 mb 5.7 A GUAM REGION |
2curious User ID: 1488292 Chile 07/30/2011 02:22 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | ... Quoting: 2curiousThanx FF. Am willing to try anything!! No line item in the budget for a new one!! Ha ha ha! Best! Hm. . . now I'm wondering how you managed to drop it in the toilet. One of life's mysteries I suppose. LOL!! It was in my back pocket... never again!! |
2curious User ID: 1488292 Chile 07/30/2011 02:25 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Very weird weather here today. Cold, rainy and sunny at the same time... and then thunder with no rain!! Been a crazy past 2 weeks for me... maybe I should just go take a nap!! Of course, the few times I ever manage to try to nap... we get a tremor that gets me out of bed! Will let you know how it goes and look forward to whatever info you guys are able to dig up on what's going on! All the best! |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1297814 Germany 07/30/2011 02:57 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1297814 Germany 07/30/2011 03:00 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1297814 Germany 07/30/2011 03:04 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
~Me User ID: 1488495 Canada 07/30/2011 03:06 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Quoting: IwantToBelieve76 They are obviously hiding this one? Not on usgs or global incident map. Hmmm "I AM Brenda" |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1297814 Germany 07/30/2011 03:06 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | okay here we go Potsdam: GFZ Potsdam - Earthquake Bulletin F-E Region: Near East Coast of Honshu, Japan Time: 2011-07-30 18:53:51.4 UTC Magnitude: 6.4 Epicenter: 141.12°E 37.02°N Depth: 29 km Status: A - automatic [link to geofon.gfz-potsdam.de] |
dettro99 User ID: 1463093 United States 07/30/2011 03:09 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1297814 Germany 07/30/2011 03:11 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | USGS: Magnitude 6.4 - NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN 2011 July 30 18:53:52 UTC [link to earthquake.usgs.gov] |
~Me User ID: 1488495 Canada 07/30/2011 03:13 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Quoting: IwantToBelieve76 They are obviously hiding this one? Not on usgs or global incident map. Hmmm ok, scratch that, now it's showing. "I AM Brenda" |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1483769 United States 07/30/2011 03:18 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Quoting: IwantToBelieve76 They are obviously hiding this one? Not on usgs or global incident map. Hmmm USGS has waited before as long as a half hour to post these after they carefully study how to post a smaller number that what really happened. and they chose not to post some at all that are important. |
~Me User ID: 1488495 Canada 07/30/2011 03:28 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Quoting: IwantToBelieve76 They are obviously hiding this one? Not on usgs or global incident map. Hmmm USGS has waited before as long as a half hour to post these after they carefully study how to post a smaller number that what really happened. and they chose not to post some at all that are important. Agreed! it took about 20 minutes to show up. PS: This is Passion from AH "I AM Brenda" |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/30/2011 03:43 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | USGS: Quoting: IwantToBelieve76Magnitude 6.4 - NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN 2011 July 30 18:53:52 UTC [link to earthquake.usgs.gov] fairly near the nuke plants again... I'm curious to see if the line completes and we get one in New Guinea shortly. |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/30/2011 07:11 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | I have the Energy Flow heading toward the are from Mexico to Peru. Pressures there are medium so look for 4.5 to 5.5 mags. Quoting: GabrielEnergy flow arrived without major pressure release and is now on the move toward Indonesia, New Guinea area. Pressure build up is high in that area. Moving into the region or out... hmmmm 2011-07-30 17:48:57.9 12.84 N 143.19 E 160 mb 5.7 A GUAM REGION Tonights flow is steaming off toward South America... Pressure build up there can sustain 6+ Quakes. |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/30/2011 07:56 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | I have the Energy Flow heading toward the are from Mexico to Peru. Pressures there are medium so look for 4.5 to 5.5 mags. Quoting: GabrielEnergy flow arrived without major pressure release and is now on the move toward Indonesia, New Guinea area. Pressure build up is high in that area. Moving into the region or out... hmmmm 2011-07-30 17:48:57.9 12.84 N 143.19 E 160 mb 5.7 A GUAM REGION Tonights flow is steaming off toward South America... Pressure build up there can sustain 6+ Quakes. Good to see some pressure release before leaving: MAP 4.6 2011/07/30 23:27:40 -9.864 108.318 34.2 SOUTH OF JAVA, INDONESIA |
Anonymous Coward User ID: 1485458 New Zealand 07/30/2011 08:26 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Talking about crystals I found this on another site that I have just recently been pointed to. I'm hoping he doesn't mind me sharing but all credit for finding this to MUD. Seismologists discover that the inner core is a crystal ball that rotates Researchers are now probing what may turn out to be the most curious small body the solar system has yet presented for scrutiny: a globe the size of the moon that appears to be a well ordered crystalline entity. This body is poised little more than 5,000 kilometers away, yet it is completely invisible. Located at the center of the earth, it is known simply as the inner core. Two seismologists have just shown that this strange crystal sphere is turning slowly within the rocky and liquid metal enclosure that keeps it all but hidden from scientific investigation. Geophysicists realised decades ago that a solid inner core exists, but they knew precious little else about it. They believed the inner core and the liquid shell surrounding it were made largely of iron, yet other features of the heart of the planet remained enigmatic. But during the 1980s, seismologists examining earthquake waves that pierce the inner core made a startling find. Rather than being "isotropic" (the same in all directions) in its physical properties, the inner core proved to be somewhat like a piece of wood, with a definite grain running through it. Waves traveling along the planet's north-south axis go 3 to 4 percent faster through the inner core than those that follow paths close to the equatorial plane. Geophysicists have struggled to explain why this grain (or "seismic anisotropy") should exist. The leading theory is that at the immense pressures of the inner core, iron takes on a hexagonal crystal form that has inherently directional physical properties. Some force apparently keeps the hexagonal iron crystals all in close alignment. Lars Stixrude of the Georgia Institute of Technology and Ronald E. Cohen of the Carnegie Institution of Washington note that whatever texturing mechanism operates to form the anisotropic grain of the inner core, it must be almost 100 percent efficient. Otherwise the seismic anisotropy would not be as large as measured. "The very strong texturing indicated by our results suggests the possibility that the inner core is a very large single crystal," they boldly stated in an article published last year in Science. The seemingly absurd notion - that a body the size of the moon could be just one big crystal - is less ridiculous than it sounds. The central core may have grown gradually to its present size as liquid iron at the bottom of the outer core solidified and attached itself to the inner core. That process would occur exceedingly slowly, with few outside disturbances - just like the conditions that favor the growth of large crystals in a lab. Slow solidification of iron might have allowed the inner core to grow quietly for billions of years, becoming in the end a gargantuan single crystal, more than 2,400 kilometers across. But slow crystal growth does not explain the alignment of the inner core's axis of anisotropy with the earth's rotation axis. The process also fails to account for the seismological evidence that the anisotropic grain is not uniform. Xiaodong Song, a seismologist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, says that the anisotropy at the top of the inner core "is likely to be very weak - less than 1 percent." So it would seem that some other physical mechanism must keep the deeper hexagonal iron crystals in line. Although several explanations have been proposed, the most reasonable theory calls on internal stress (generated by the earth's rotation), which is strongest along the north-south axis. Thus, the hexagonal iron that constitutes the inner core could crystalise (or recrystalise) in parallel with the spin axis - as do the mica flakes that form in rocks squeezed by tectonic forces. Internal stress could thus keep the inner core's grain well aligned with the spin axis - perhaps too well aligned. It turns out that the grain of the inner core is not exactly parallel to the earth's rotation axis: in 1994 Wei-jia Su and Adam M. Dziewonski of Harvard University reported that the axis of anisotropy is in fact tilted by about 10 degrees. At about the same time, Gary A. Glatzmaier of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Paul H. Roberts of the University of California at Los Angeles were working on a computer simulation of how the earth's magnetic field operates. Although the tumultuous churning of the outer core's liquid iron creates this magnetic field, Glatzmaier and Roberts found that the influence of the solid inner core was needed for proper stability. Their modeling also indicated that the inner core may be shifting slowly eastward with respect to the earth's surface, impelled by persistent fluid motions at the base of the outer core. Reading that result and realizing that the seismic grain of the inner core was not wholly aligned with the spin axis, Song and his colleague Paul G. Richards decided to look for seismic evidence that the canted grain of the inner core was indeed swiveling around relative to the rest of the earth. Their idea was to examine seismic recordings of waves that traveled through the inner core decades ago and to compare them with more recent signals. If the core rotates, the time it takes these waves to traverse the inner core should change systematically. The challenge was to find recordings of seismic waves that passed close to the north-south axis and to devise a way to compare them precisely enough to detect the slight differences that result from less than 30 years of change (the span of seismic records). But they solved both problems and found evidence of rotation quite quickly. "Everything happened in three weeks," Richards notes. The team started by looking at seismic traces recorded in Antarctica caused by nuclear tests made at Novaya Zemlya in the Soviet Arctic. Traveling from one pole to another, these seismic waves penetrated the core. Examining data that had been collected over the course of a decade, Song and Richards observed what appeared to be a change of two tenths of a second in the travel time of the waves that passed through the inner core as compared with those that just skirted it. They then scrutinized a set of seismic recordings made in Alaska of earthquakes that occurred between the tip of South America and Antarctica and found similar results to confirm that the inner core was in fact moving. They presented their discovery in the July 18 issue of Nature. Although the detection of inner core movement was itself a remarkable experimental achievement, the correspondence in direction and speed of this motion (eastward at a degree or two a year) with the predictions of Glatzmaier and Roberts was more remarkable still. But geophysicists are far from having figured out the workings of the inner core. No one yet understands for sure what causes its anisotropic grain. Nor can scientists explain why the anisotropy should be tilted. According to Glatzmaier, "It's anybody's guess at this point." This was reported in the Scientific American in October 1996 and has had very little coverage since. The implications of this are huge when one considers the way crystals work. |
El Quisqueyano User ID: 1476922 United States 07/30/2011 09:19 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Talking about crystals I found this on another site that I have just recently been pointed to. I'm hoping he doesn't mind me sharing but all credit for finding this to MUD. Quoting: Anonymous Coward 1485458Seismologists discover that the inner core is a crystal ball that rotates Researchers are now probing what may turn out to be the most curious small body the solar system has yet presented for scrutiny: a globe the size of the moon that appears to be a well ordered crystalline entity. This body is poised little more than 5,000 kilometers away, yet it is completely invisible. Located at the center of the earth, it is known simply as the inner core. Two seismologists have just shown that this strange crystal sphere is turning slowly within the rocky and liquid metal enclosure that keeps it all but hidden from scientific investigation. Geophysicists realised decades ago that a solid inner core exists, but they knew precious little else about it. They believed the inner core and the liquid shell surrounding it were made largely of iron, yet other features of the heart of the planet remained enigmatic. But during the 1980s, seismologists examining earthquake waves that pierce the inner core made a startling find. Rather than being "isotropic" (the same in all directions) in its physical properties, the inner core proved to be somewhat like a piece of wood, with a definite grain running through it. Waves traveling along the planet's north-south axis go 3 to 4 percent faster through the inner core than those that follow paths close to the equatorial plane. Geophysicists have struggled to explain why this grain (or "seismic anisotropy") should exist. The leading theory is that at the immense pressures of the inner core, iron takes on a hexagonal crystal form that has inherently directional physical properties. Some force apparently keeps the hexagonal iron crystals all in close alignment. Lars Stixrude of the Georgia Institute of Technology and Ronald E. Cohen of the Carnegie Institution of Washington note that whatever texturing mechanism operates to form the anisotropic grain of the inner core, it must be almost 100 percent efficient. Otherwise the seismic anisotropy would not be as large as measured. "The very strong texturing indicated by our results suggests the possibility that the inner core is a very large single crystal," they boldly stated in an article published last year in Science. The seemingly absurd notion - that a body the size of the moon could be just one big crystal - is less ridiculous than it sounds. The central core may have grown gradually to its present size as liquid iron at the bottom of the outer core solidified and attached itself to the inner core. That process would occur exceedingly slowly, with few outside disturbances - just like the conditions that favor the growth of large crystals in a lab. Slow solidification of iron might have allowed the inner core to grow quietly for billions of years, becoming in the end a gargantuan single crystal, more than 2,400 kilometers across. But slow crystal growth does not explain the alignment of the inner core's axis of anisotropy with the earth's rotation axis. The process also fails to account for the seismological evidence that the anisotropic grain is not uniform. Xiaodong Song, a seismologist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, says that the anisotropy at the top of the inner core "is likely to be very weak - less than 1 percent." So it would seem that some other physical mechanism must keep the deeper hexagonal iron crystals in line. Although several explanations have been proposed, the most reasonable theory calls on internal stress (generated by the earth's rotation), which is strongest along the north-south axis. Thus, the hexagonal iron that constitutes the inner core could crystalise (or recrystalise) in parallel with the spin axis - as do the mica flakes that form in rocks squeezed by tectonic forces. Internal stress could thus keep the inner core's grain well aligned with the spin axis - perhaps too well aligned. It turns out that the grain of the inner core is not exactly parallel to the earth's rotation axis: in 1994 Wei-jia Su and Adam M. Dziewonski of Harvard University reported that the axis of anisotropy is in fact tilted by about 10 degrees. At about the same time, Gary A. Glatzmaier of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Paul H. Roberts of the University of California at Los Angeles were working on a computer simulation of how the earth's magnetic field operates. Although the tumultuous churning of the outer core's liquid iron creates this magnetic field, Glatzmaier and Roberts found that the influence of the solid inner core was needed for proper stability. Their modeling also indicated that the inner core may be shifting slowly eastward with respect to the earth's surface, impelled by persistent fluid motions at the base of the outer core. Reading that result and realizing that the seismic grain of the inner core was not wholly aligned with the spin axis, Song and his colleague Paul G. Richards decided to look for seismic evidence that the canted grain of the inner core was indeed swiveling around relative to the rest of the earth. Their idea was to examine seismic recordings of waves that traveled through the inner core decades ago and to compare them with more recent signals. If the core rotates, the time it takes these waves to traverse the inner core should change systematically. The challenge was to find recordings of seismic waves that passed close to the north-south axis and to devise a way to compare them precisely enough to detect the slight differences that result from less than 30 years of change (the span of seismic records). But they solved both problems and found evidence of rotation quite quickly. "Everything happened in three weeks," Richards notes. The team started by looking at seismic traces recorded in Antarctica caused by nuclear tests made at Novaya Zemlya in the Soviet Arctic. Traveling from one pole to another, these seismic waves penetrated the core. Examining data that had been collected over the course of a decade, Song and Richards observed what appeared to be a change of two tenths of a second in the travel time of the waves that passed through the inner core as compared with those that just skirted it. They then scrutinized a set of seismic recordings made in Alaska of earthquakes that occurred between the tip of South America and Antarctica and found similar results to confirm that the inner core was in fact moving. They presented their discovery in the July 18 issue of Nature. Although the detection of inner core movement was itself a remarkable experimental achievement, the correspondence in direction and speed of this motion (eastward at a degree or two a year) with the predictions of Glatzmaier and Roberts was more remarkable still. But geophysicists are far from having figured out the workings of the inner core. No one yet understands for sure what causes its anisotropic grain. Nor can scientists explain why the anisotropy should be tilted. According to Glatzmaier, "It's anybody's guess at this point." This was reported in the Scientific American in October 1996 and has had very little coverage since. The implications of this are huge when one considers the way crystals work. Nasseim Harreim speaks of this octahedron shape of earth's core. |
2curious User ID: 1488292 Chile 07/30/2011 09:33 PM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Talking about crystals I found this on another site that I have just recently been pointed to. I'm hoping he doesn't mind me sharing but all credit for finding this to MUD. Quoting: Anonymous Coward 1485458Seismologists discover that the inner core is a crystal ball that rotates Researchers are now probing what may turn out to be the most curious small body the solar system has yet presented for scrutiny: a globe the size of the moon that appears to be a well ordered crystalline entity. This body is poised little more than 5,000 kilometers away, yet it is completely invisible. Located at the center of the earth, it is known simply as the inner core. Two seismologists have just shown that this strange crystal sphere is turning slowly within the rocky and liquid metal enclosure that keeps it all but hidden from scientific investigation. Geophysicists realised decades ago that a solid inner core exists, but they knew precious little else about it. They believed the inner core and the liquid shell surrounding it were made largely of iron, yet other features of the heart of the planet remained enigmatic. But during the 1980s, seismologists examining earthquake waves that pierce the inner core made a startling find. Rather than being "isotropic" (the same in all directions) in its physical properties, the inner core proved to be somewhat like a piece of wood, with a definite grain running through it. Waves traveling along the planet's north-south axis go 3 to 4 percent faster through the inner core than those that follow paths close to the equatorial plane. Geophysicists have struggled to explain why this grain (or "seismic anisotropy") should exist. The leading theory is that at the immense pressures of the inner core, iron takes on a hexagonal crystal form that has inherently directional physical properties. Some force apparently keeps the hexagonal iron crystals all in close alignment. Lars Stixrude of the Georgia Institute of Technology and Ronald E. Cohen of the Carnegie Institution of Washington note that whatever texturing mechanism operates to form the anisotropic grain of the inner core, it must be almost 100 percent efficient. Otherwise the seismic anisotropy would not be as large as measured. "The very strong texturing indicated by our results suggests the possibility that the inner core is a very large single crystal," they boldly stated in an article published last year in Science. The seemingly absurd notion - that a body the size of the moon could be just one big crystal - is less ridiculous than it sounds. The central core may have grown gradually to its present size as liquid iron at the bottom of the outer core solidified and attached itself to the inner core. That process would occur exceedingly slowly, with few outside disturbances - just like the conditions that favor the growth of large crystals in a lab. Slow solidification of iron might have allowed the inner core to grow quietly for billions of years, becoming in the end a gargantuan single crystal, more than 2,400 kilometers across. But slow crystal growth does not explain the alignment of the inner core's axis of anisotropy with the earth's rotation axis. The process also fails to account for the seismological evidence that the anisotropic grain is not uniform. Xiaodong Song, a seismologist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, says that the anisotropy at the top of the inner core "is likely to be very weak - less than 1 percent." So it would seem that some other physical mechanism must keep the deeper hexagonal iron crystals in line. Although several explanations have been proposed, the most reasonable theory calls on internal stress (generated by the earth's rotation), which is strongest along the north-south axis. Thus, the hexagonal iron that constitutes the inner core could crystalise (or recrystalise) in parallel with the spin axis - as do the mica flakes that form in rocks squeezed by tectonic forces. Internal stress could thus keep the inner core's grain well aligned with the spin axis - perhaps too well aligned. It turns out that the grain of the inner core is not exactly parallel to the earth's rotation axis: in 1994 Wei-jia Su and Adam M. Dziewonski of Harvard University reported that the axis of anisotropy is in fact tilted by about 10 degrees. At about the same time, Gary A. Glatzmaier of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Paul H. Roberts of the University of California at Los Angeles were working on a computer simulation of how the earth's magnetic field operates. Although the tumultuous churning of the outer core's liquid iron creates this magnetic field, Glatzmaier and Roberts found that the influence of the solid inner core was needed for proper stability. Their modeling also indicated that the inner core may be shifting slowly eastward with respect to the earth's surface, impelled by persistent fluid motions at the base of the outer core. Reading that result and realizing that the seismic grain of the inner core was not wholly aligned with the spin axis, Song and his colleague Paul G. Richards decided to look for seismic evidence that the canted grain of the inner core was indeed swiveling around relative to the rest of the earth. Their idea was to examine seismic recordings of waves that traveled through the inner core decades ago and to compare them with more recent signals. If the core rotates, the time it takes these waves to traverse the inner core should change systematically. The challenge was to find recordings of seismic waves that passed close to the north-south axis and to devise a way to compare them precisely enough to detect the slight differences that result from less than 30 years of change (the span of seismic records). But they solved both problems and found evidence of rotation quite quickly. "Everything happened in three weeks," Richards notes. The team started by looking at seismic traces recorded in Antarctica caused by nuclear tests made at Novaya Zemlya in the Soviet Arctic. Traveling from one pole to another, these seismic waves penetrated the core. Examining data that had been collected over the course of a decade, Song and Richards observed what appeared to be a change of two tenths of a second in the travel time of the waves that passed through the inner core as compared with those that just skirted it. They then scrutinized a set of seismic recordings made in Alaska of earthquakes that occurred between the tip of South America and Antarctica and found similar results to confirm that the inner core was in fact moving. They presented their discovery in the July 18 issue of Nature. Although the detection of inner core movement was itself a remarkable experimental achievement, the correspondence in direction and speed of this motion (eastward at a degree or two a year) with the predictions of Glatzmaier and Roberts was more remarkable still. But geophysicists are far from having figured out the workings of the inner core. No one yet understands for sure what causes its anisotropic grain. Nor can scientists explain why the anisotropy should be tilted. According to Glatzmaier, "It's anybody's guess at this point." This was reported in the Scientific American in October 1996 and has had very little coverage since. The implications of this are huge when one considers the way crystals work. Agartha? It is said it is full of crystal chambers and such. In my house I am surrounded by rocks and crystals which are my main "decorations". The lovely thing about all that is happening now is that... anything is possible!! |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/31/2011 07:07 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | Talking about crystals I found this on another site that I have just recently been pointed to. I'm hoping he doesn't mind me sharing but all credit for finding this to MUD. Quoting: Anonymous Coward 1485458Seismologists discover that the inner core is a crystal ball that rotates Researchers are now probing what may turn out to be the most curious small body the solar system has yet presented for scrutiny: a globe the size of the moon that appears to be a well ordered crystalline entity. This body is poised little more than 5,000 kilometers away, yet it is completely invisible. Located at the center of the earth, it is known simply as the inner core. Two seismologists have just shown that this strange crystal sphere is turning slowly within the rocky and liquid metal enclosure that keeps it all but hidden from scientific investigation. Geophysicists realised decades ago that a solid inner core exists, but they knew precious little else about it. They believed the inner core and the liquid shell surrounding it were made largely of iron, yet other features of the heart of the planet remained enigmatic. But during the 1980s, seismologists examining earthquake waves that pierce the inner core made a startling find. Rather than being "isotropic" (the same in all directions) in its physical properties, the inner core proved to be somewhat like a piece of wood, with a definite grain running through it. Waves traveling along the planet's north-south axis go 3 to 4 percent faster through the inner core than those that follow paths close to the equatorial plane. Geophysicists have struggled to explain why this grain (or "seismic anisotropy") should exist. The leading theory is that at the immense pressures of the inner core, iron takes on a hexagonal crystal form that has inherently directional physical properties. Some force apparently keeps the hexagonal iron crystals all in close alignment. Lars Stixrude of the Georgia Institute of Technology and Ronald E. Cohen of the Carnegie Institution of Washington note that whatever texturing mechanism operates to form the anisotropic grain of the inner core, it must be almost 100 percent efficient. Otherwise the seismic anisotropy would not be as large as measured. "The very strong texturing indicated by our results suggests the possibility that the inner core is a very large single crystal," they boldly stated in an article published last year in Science. The seemingly absurd notion - that a body the size of the moon could be just one big crystal - is less ridiculous than it sounds. The central core may have grown gradually to its present size as liquid iron at the bottom of the outer core solidified and attached itself to the inner core. That process would occur exceedingly slowly, with few outside disturbances - just like the conditions that favor the growth of large crystals in a lab. Slow solidification of iron might have allowed the inner core to grow quietly for billions of years, becoming in the end a gargantuan single crystal, more than 2,400 kilometers across. But slow crystal growth does not explain the alignment of the inner core's axis of anisotropy with the earth's rotation axis. The process also fails to account for the seismological evidence that the anisotropic grain is not uniform. Xiaodong Song, a seismologist at Columbia University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, says that the anisotropy at the top of the inner core "is likely to be very weak - less than 1 percent." So it would seem that some other physical mechanism must keep the deeper hexagonal iron crystals in line. Although several explanations have been proposed, the most reasonable theory calls on internal stress (generated by the earth's rotation), which is strongest along the north-south axis. Thus, the hexagonal iron that constitutes the inner core could crystalise (or recrystalise) in parallel with the spin axis - as do the mica flakes that form in rocks squeezed by tectonic forces. Internal stress could thus keep the inner core's grain well aligned with the spin axis - perhaps too well aligned. It turns out that the grain of the inner core is not exactly parallel to the earth's rotation axis: in 1994 Wei-jia Su and Adam M. Dziewonski of Harvard University reported that the axis of anisotropy is in fact tilted by about 10 degrees. At about the same time, Gary A. Glatzmaier of Los Alamos National Laboratory and Paul H. Roberts of the University of California at Los Angeles were working on a computer simulation of how the earth's magnetic field operates. Although the tumultuous churning of the outer core's liquid iron creates this magnetic field, Glatzmaier and Roberts found that the influence of the solid inner core was needed for proper stability. Their modeling also indicated that the inner core may be shifting slowly eastward with respect to the earth's surface, impelled by persistent fluid motions at the base of the outer core. Reading that result and realizing that the seismic grain of the inner core was not wholly aligned with the spin axis, Song and his colleague Paul G. Richards decided to look for seismic evidence that the canted grain of the inner core was indeed swiveling around relative to the rest of the earth. Their idea was to examine seismic recordings of waves that traveled through the inner core decades ago and to compare them with more recent signals. If the core rotates, the time it takes these waves to traverse the inner core should change systematically. The challenge was to find recordings of seismic waves that passed close to the north-south axis and to devise a way to compare them precisely enough to detect the slight differences that result from less than 30 years of change (the span of seismic records). But they solved both problems and found evidence of rotation quite quickly. "Everything happened in three weeks," Richards notes. The team started by looking at seismic traces recorded in Antarctica caused by nuclear tests made at Novaya Zemlya in the Soviet Arctic. Traveling from one pole to another, these seismic waves penetrated the core. Examining data that had been collected over the course of a decade, Song and Richards observed what appeared to be a change of two tenths of a second in the travel time of the waves that passed through the inner core as compared with those that just skirted it. They then scrutinized a set of seismic recordings made in Alaska of earthquakes that occurred between the tip of South America and Antarctica and found similar results to confirm that the inner core was in fact moving. They presented their discovery in the July 18 issue of Nature. Although the detection of inner core movement was itself a remarkable experimental achievement, the correspondence in direction and speed of this motion (eastward at a degree or two a year) with the predictions of Glatzmaier and Roberts was more remarkable still. But geophysicists are far from having figured out the workings of the inner core. No one yet understands for sure what causes its anisotropic grain. Nor can scientists explain why the anisotropy should be tilted. According to Glatzmaier, "It's anybody's guess at this point." This was reported in the Scientific American in October 1996 and has had very little coverage since. The implications of this are huge when one considers the way crystals work. crystals seem to be key to things. |
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Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/31/2011 07:22 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | The Piezoelectric Effect Certain crystals such as quartz are piezoelectric. That means that when they are compressed or struck, they generate an electric charge. It works the other way as well: If you run an electric current through a piezoelectric crystal, the crystal changes shape slightly. |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/31/2011 07:32 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | HOW THEY DO IT. Piezoelectricity is the property of quartz that we utilise in our receiver and transmitter crystals. So what is it? Put simply: it is an electric voltage produced by certain crystals and by a number of ceramic materials when they are subjected to pressure. What’s more, the piezoelectric effect works both ways: stress a piece of quartz and you get an electrical output from it that is proportional to the stress it undergoes. That is to say, when the quartz has an electric field applied to it, the crystal becomes deformed or strained by an amount proportional to the applied field; the sense of the strain depends on the direction of the field. Incorporate a crystal in an oscillator circuit (in our Tx and Rx) and it will make the circuit run very accurately at the required frequency. Each slice of crystal has a natural resonant frequency it likes to oscillate at depending on the ‘cut’ of the crystal. The frequency of the crystal is controlled by the thickness of the quartz slice plus the added metal electrodes. Most crystals are made from one of three different cuts of quartz according the frequency required . AT-cut (1MHz to 300MHz), BT-cut (2MHz to 38MHz fundamental) and the X-cut (24kHz to 50kHZ Last Edited by Gabriel on 07/31/2011 07:33 AM |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/31/2011 07:40 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | One of the more logical explanations of the cause of earthquake lights is the piezoelectric effect. Certain materials, including quartz, respond to changes in pressure by changes in electrical voltage across their surfaces. The idea is that, as quartz-bearing rocks are stressed, they might produce such high voltages that lightning-like discharges could occur in the air above. Earthquake lights have been described as looking like auroral streamers diverging from a point on the horizon. Beams like those from a searchlight have been reported. Other reports describe sheets or circular glowing regions, either touching the ground or in detached clouds above ground. The lights seem to show up best during the time of the main shock of an earthquake and also before and after. From a practical viewpoint, the lights before an earthquake seem most interesting since they shed light on the occurrence of the next large earthquake." |
Gabriel (OP) User ID: 1488261 United States 07/31/2011 08:03 AM Report Abusive Post Report Copyright Violation | The Central Bureau issued a telegram July 10 that a stream of dust from a potentially dangerous comet impacted Earth for a few hours last February 4. The stream of dust is always there, but quite invisible just outside of Earth's orbit. Only when the planets steer the dust in Earth's path do we get to know it is there. While reducing the Fremont Peak and Mountain View station observations from February 4, discovered a handful of meteoroids that arrived at Earth from the exact same direction in the sky. They came from the direction of the star Eta Draconis, and the shower is now recognized by the IAU as the February Eta Draconids. The meteoroids in question were moving on an elongated orbit, typical of that of long-period comets such as Hale-Bopp. Unlike Hale-Bopp, this one passes close to Earth's orbit. Long-period comets rarely come back to the Sun, and if any one is on a trajectory to hit Earth, we could have little warning. Now, has found the trail of crumbs of such a comet, which passed close to Earth's orbit the last time it was near the Sun. That could have been only a few hundred years ago, or many thousands. At that time, the comet released a cloud of dust that is now returning. Some dust grains return earlier than others, depending on how elongated their orbit was, and the result is a continuous stream of returning dust grains. That stream is detected only when it encounters Earth, when the meteoroids cause a brief 2-hour meteor shower. "Earth gets hosed typically only once or twice every 60 years by such streams," said Jenniskens. "Only when Jupiter and Saturn are back at their original positions do they steer the dust trail in our path. The trail wags in and out of Earth's path much like the Sun moves around in response to the motion of these heavy planets." "We don't know whether the comet has already passed us by or is still on approach." To get some advance warning, one could look along the measured orbit to those spots where the comet could arrive at Earth's orbit on a future February 4 date. |