I had to go downstairs and grab the book from my medicinal botany class, "Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy". A few of these may be illegal to grow in your area, but due to their medicinal qualities, they have made the list none the less..

Not in any order and more then 10, but did not go through the time to narrow down (this would have to be done based on need and location) Atropa belladonna, Ephedra sinica, Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort), Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), Echinacea augustifolia, Ginko biloba, Menthae pipitae (peppermint), Panax ginsing, Cannabis sativa, Valerianae radix,(Valerian root), Ginger, Allium sativum (garlic), Thymus vulgaris, Salviae folium (sage), Sambucas nigra (elder flower), Lupuli flos (hops), Malaleucae atheroleum (tea tree), Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw), Capsiucm frutescens (chilli pepper), Aloe vera... There are so many more also very useful plants, but there is a good start.