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Studying Ice Cores from West Antarctica for Clues as to Why the Earth Began to Emerge from the Ice Age

 
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Studying Ice Cores from West Antarctica for Clues as to Why the Earth Began to Emerge from the Ice Age
The main goal of the ice core project, Cole-Dai said "was to get an ice core more than two miles deep to give us nearly 70,000 years of history of the Earth's climate."

The National Science Foundation-funded project, which began eight years ago, involves more than 20 universities and national laboratories. The SDSU Ice Core and Environment Chemistry Lab, headed by Cole-Dai, has been a part of the project since 2006.

It took eight years to build the field camp and to collect the original ice core, because the harsh Antarctica conditions allow only a 60-day window each year in which to work. That task was completed in January 2012.

"This year was significant because of the completion of additional field work," Cole-Dai said. Scientists wanted more ice to do further work on specific time periods. To do so, the team retrieved additional ice from five spots along the original ice core hole, while also leaving the lower portion of the hole intact.

"That in itself was quite a challenge and accomplishment," Cole-Dai said. His former postdoctoral researcher, David Ferris, was part of the drilling team. Ferris became part of the project through the SDSU Ice Core and Environment Chemistry Lab during his doctoral work.

To accomplish this task, engineers had to design a special bit and drilling apparatus that used an actuator to push off to the side of the original borehole, explained Tony Wendricks, project coordinator for the Ice Drilling Design and Operations group at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Ferris has worked on ice drilling team for three years and on the core handling team for one year.

"It's a tricky thing -- to maintain the parent hole," Wendricks said.

"It's never been done anywhere in the world," Cole-Dai said. "You have a tool hanging at the end of a two-mile-long rope or cable and you want it to do very precise things, to move one degree in the direction you want and to bring the ice out."

When the drillers brought up cylinders of ice, they handed them over to the core-processing team, Cole-Dai said. He and Peterson were on the team that took measurements and logged the information regarding the cores from the designated time periods. Then they packaged the ice cylinders to transport to the National Ice Core Laboratory in Denver.

Once the cores have been processed in Denver, each university lab will get its slice of the ice for analysis, which will likely take a year, Cole-Dai said. His SDSU team will work on a section of ice from 17,500 years ago that offers clues as to why Earth began to emerge from the Ice Age.

At that point in history, Cole-Dai said, "something big happened -- a large volcanic eruption or a number of them." Others speculate that it might have been an object from outer space that struck Earth.

Rest at Link: [link to www.sciencedaily.com]
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