Throughout human history, major technological breakthroughs have enhanced our civilization. First we had the Industrial Revolution, followed by the Electronics Revolution and the Information Revolution. What is next? Our world is on the verge of the Mind-Machine Revolution.
Technologies throughout recorded history have progressed from crude stone tools used by small groups of people to high-speed microprocessors that drive massive amounts of data to billions of people throughout the global information-based community. Whether it is a flint knife, a steam locomotive or a telecommunications satellite, every tool or machine invented shares a commonality in that it extends and amplifies physical human influence.
Until recently, human beings have had to use their bodies to control machines. Pressing a button to activate a sequence of preset functions or moving levers and steering wheels to alter the functions of devices or their subcomponents are just a few of many examples. These tools serve as effective, yet limited, extensions of the physical body. Mainstream scientists and researchers are presently striving to bypass mechanistic interaction. They are attempting to directly control devices using thought processes. These brain-device interfaces have thus far fallen into two main categories.
The first category consists of direct measurement and computer processing of electrical signals associated with biological life forms. This methodology encompasses either brainwave detectors attached to the skull (EEG) or the use of electrodes being connected directly to nerves within the brain.
The second category is the direct mind influence on matter and energy...
Proteus User ID: 377037 (OP) 2/28/2008 6:39 PM
Re: The Mind - Machine Revolution / Brain - Computer Interface
International Assessment of Research and Development in Brain-Computer Interfaces
[link to www.wtec.org]
(PDF format, 234 pages, 5.90 MB)
*WTEC: World Technology Evaluation Center
BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE SCIENCE
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are defined as the science and technology of devices and systems responding to neural processes in the brain that generate motor movements and to cognitive processes (e.g., memory) that modify the motor movements. Advances in neuroscience, computational technology, component miniaturization, biocompatibility of materials, and sensor technology have led to a much improved feasibility of useful BCIs that engineers, neuroscientists, physical scientists, and behavioral and social scientists can develop as a large-scope team effort.
ABSTRACT
Brain-computer interface (BCI) research deals with establishing communication pathways between the brain and external devices. BCI systems can be broadly classified depending on the placement of the electrodes used to detect and measure neurons firing in the brain: in invasive systems, electrodes are inserted directly into the cortex; in noninvasive systems, they are placed on the scalp and use electroencephalography or electrocorticography to detect neuron activity. This WTEC study was designed to gather information on worldwide status and trends in BCI research and to disseminate it to government decisionmakers and the research community. The study reviewed and assessed the state of the art in sensor technology, the bioticabiotic interface and biocompatibility, data analysis and modeling, hardware implementation, systems engineering, functional electrical stimulation, noninvasive communication systems, and cognitive and emotional neuroprostheses in academic research and industry.
The WTEC panel identified several major trends in current and evolving BCI research in North America, Europe, and Asia. First, BCI research throughout the world is extensive, with the magnitude of that research clearly on the rise. Second, BCI research is rapidly approaching a level of first generation medical practice; moreover, BCI research is expected to rapidly accelerate in nonmedical arenas of commerce as well, particularly in the gaming, automotive, and robotics industries. Third, the focus of BCI research throughout the world is decidedly uneven, with invasive BCIs almost exclusively centered in North America, noninvasive BCI systems evolving primarily from European and Asian efforts, and the integration of BCIs and robotics systems championed by Asian research programs.
In terms of funding, BCI and brain-controlled robotics programs have been a hallmark of recent European research and technological development. The range and investment levels of multidisciplinary, multinational, multilaboratory programs in Europe appear to far exceed that of most university and government-funded BCI programs in the United States and Canada. Although several U.S. government programs are advancing neural prostheses and BCIs, private sources have yet to make a major impact on BCI research in North America generally. However, the U.S. Small Business Innovative Research grants (SBIRs) and Small Technology
Transfer Research grants (STTRs) have been effective in promoting transition from basic research to precommercialized prototypes. In Asia, China is investing heavily in biological sciences and engineering in
general, and the extent of investment in BCI and BCI-related research has grown particularly rapidly; still,
the panel observed little coordination between various programs. Japanese universities, research institutes,
and laboratories also are increasing their investment in BCI research. Japan is especially vigorous in pursuing
nonmedical applications and exploiting its expertise in BCI-controlled robotics.
The WTEC panel concludes that there are abundant and fertile opportunities for worldwide collaborations in
BCI research and allied fields.
Anonymous Coward User ID: 326428 2/28/2008 6:47 PM
Re: The Mind - Machine Revolution / Brain - Computer Interface
Quantum entanglement is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects may be spatially separated. This leads to correlations between observable physical properties of the systems. For example, it is possible to prepare two particles in a single quantum state such that when one is observed to be spin-up, the other one will always be observed to be spin-down and vice versa...
There are two companies coming out with BCI products for gaming systems by the end of this year...
Uses a single sensor that will only add about $15 to to the consumer product.
[link to www.neurosky.com]
"Since its founding in 2004, NeuroSky's focus on innovation has created the most affordable, high quality, and wearable bio-sensor technology for detecting and interpreting brainwaves and other bio-signals. We have successfully penetrated several key market sectors, such as gaming, toy, wireless mobile, automotive, robotics, wellness, etc. Our business has reached the United States, Eastern Asian countries, and several European countries."
ABC News
Discovery Channel - Daily Planet 12/17
CES Interview with James Sullivan of NeuroSky
Proteus User ID: 366600 3/1/2008 10:49 PM
Re: The Mind - Machine Revolution / Brain - Computer Interface
"Communication between human and machine has always been limited to conscious interaction, with non-conscious communication -- expression, intuition, perception -- reserved solely for the human realm. At Emotiv, we believe that future communication between human and machine will not be limited to the conscious communication that exists today. Users will demand that non-conscious communication play a much more significant role."
"Emotiv Systems was founded in 2003 by four award-winning scientists and executives: internationally recognized neuroscientist Professor Allan Snyder, chip-design pioneer Neil Weste, and technology entrepreneurs Tan Le and Nam Do. These founders all shared the same inspiring vision: to introduce the immediacy of thought to the human-machine dialogue."
[link to emotiv.com]
The Emotiv EPOC™ uses a set of sensors to tune into electric signals naturally produced by the brain to detect player thoughts, feelings and expression. It connects wirelessly with all game platforms from consoles to PCs. The Emotiv neuroheadset now makes it possible for games to be controlled and influenced by the player's mind.
"Each human brain is unique, both physically and functionally. The folding of the cortex of the human brain is also highly individual, meaning the way in which the external surface of the brain is folded individualizes the potentials, regardless of how functionality is mapped in each brain. Using non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), it is possible to observe each person's individual electrical brain activity."
The Cognitiv™ suite reads and interprets players' conscious thoughts and intent. The Cognitiv Suite can differentiate between multiple conscious thought commands. Gamers can manipulate virtual objects using only the power of their thought! For the first time, the fantasy of magic and supernatural power can be experienced.
The Affectiv™ suite monitors player emotional states in real-time. It provides an extra dimension in game interaction by allowing the game to respond to players' emotions. Characters can transform in response to the player's feeling - the experience of playing "The Incredible Hulk" will never be the same. The Affectiv suite can be used to monitor player state of mind and allow developers to tailor difficulty to suit each situation.
The Expressiv™ suite uses signals measured by Emotiv’s neuroheadset to interpret player facial expressions in real-time. It provides a natural enhancement to game interaction by allowing game characters to come to life. When a player smiles, their character can mimic the expression even before they are aware of their own feelings. These expressions can be combined to communicate more complex non-verbal expressions such as "flirt , "look sexy”. ”surprised” or “angry”. Artificial intelligence can now respond to players naturally, in ways only humans have been able to until now.
By combining the detections of the Expressiv & Affectiv suite together, you can have a very good idea of many emotions that people are experiencing, in real time.
CNBC On The Money
MSNBC
Interview with Randy Breen (chief product officer)
Reserve your Emotiv EPOC™ today!
"Emotiv will shortly begin shipping the revolutionary Emotiv EPOC™ neuroheadset. As with all ground-breaking new products, initially supplies will be limited. Emotiv wants to ensure that our community of "Emotivated" users can guaranty delivery of their Emotiv EPOC™ before the product arrives in retail locations. These limited edition neuroheadsets will be shipping in late 2008, in time for the holiday season. Don't risk missing out on the revolution in human-computer interaction, reserve your Emotiv EPOC™ neuroheadset kit today!
Each Emotiv EPOC neuroheadset is priced at $299, and includes standard shipping."
Proteus User ID: 366600 3/2/2008 4:06 AM
Re: The Mind - Machine Revolution / Brain - Computer Interface
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