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| | Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 | Volcano update December 1, see pg 33
| Bonsai B
User ID: 452201
9/30/2008 12:57 AM | | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Thank you for the updates Geogal, this is a most interesting topic.
BB |
| Geogal 
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/1/2008 5:51 PM
 | | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Chaitén update, 30 September 2008
Posted by volcanismblog
[link to volcanism.wordpress.com]
SERNAGEOMIN have issued a bulletin covering eruptive activity at Chaitén on 27 and 28 September. The full text in Spanish (PDF) can be viewed at Werner Luis’s invaluable Chaitén site. Translation as follows.
[link to inglaner.com]
On 27 and 28 September the eruptive activity increased. From Queilen and Chaitén two eruption columns were observed that, together, reached around 4.0km altitude, declining slightly on Sunday 28 September to around 3.0km. Although both columns were emitted separately and together covered practically all the dome, the distance between them was small and they rose rapidly to form a single wide column, active, white in colour, of little density, light, and moderately vigorous, formed principally by water vapour, gases and fine ash (see Figs. 1 and 2). On 27 September the dispersion was towards the north-east while on 28 September it was towards the south-east.
Additionally, it was observed that the new dome has grown to nearly exceed the summit of the caldera-type depression that surrounds it. If weather conditions permit, an overflight will take place during the next few days co-ordinated by the Presidential Delegation to verify the evolution of the dome and the eruptive activity.
The seismic activity has been maintained without major changes compared to previous days, principally with 2-5 HB-type earthquakes per hour, some of these reaching magnitude 3.0M , and with very rare VT-type earthquakes of low magnitude. The seismic activity is related to movements of magmatic fluids in superficial levels of the system (less than 5.0km deep) which generate the growth of the dome and the eruptive activity. SERNAGEOMIN maintains Volcanic Red Alert.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/1/2008 5:51 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Thank you for the updates Geogal, this is a most interesting topic.
BB
Hey Bonsai B. Your welcome! I enjoy the topic also.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/1/2008 6:08 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
i contacted a local New Zealand volcanologist and he told me that the volcano of Raoul is closer than where USGS placed the island long/lat distane and that earthquakes of the size we saw on the 30th can be followed by volcanic activity, so need to be watched for about a month.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/1/2008 6:37 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Wednesday, October 01, 2008
Garbuna Volcano, Papua New Guinea - John Seach
Eruptions resumed at Garbuna Volcano in Papua New Guinea on 23rd September 2008. A pale grey ash column was observed rising to 1000 m altitude. Sustained volcanic tremor was recorded at the volcano on 29th and 30th September 2008. Incandescent lava eruptions were observed in August 2008.
Tuesday, September 30, 2008
Raoul Volcano, Kermadec Islands - John Seach
A magnitude 7.0 earthquake hit 70 km SSE of Raoul Island at 3:19 am on Tuesday 30th September 2008. Raoul Island contains an active volcano which last erupted in 2006. Earthquakes of this size can sometimes disrupt nearby volcanoes.
[link to volcanolive.blogspot.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/1/2008 9:10 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
YELLOWSTONE VOLCANO OBSERVATORY MONTHLY UPDATE
Wednesday, October 1, 2008 11:42 MDT (Wednesday, October 1, 2008 17:42 UTC)
YELLOWSTONE VOLCANO (CAVW#1205-01-)
44.43°N 110.67°W, Summit Elevation 9203 ft (2805 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
SEPTEMBER 2008 Yellowstone Seismicity Summary
During the month of September 2008, 62 earthquakes were located in the Yellowstone region. The largest event was a magnitude 2.9 on September 25 at 12:07 PM MDT, located about 16 miles southeast of West Thumb, YNP, and near the southern caldera boundary. This event was part of a swarm of 19 events with magnitudes 0.9 - 2.9.
Earthquake activity in the Yellowstone region is at normal background levels.
Ground Deformation Summary: Through September 2008, continuous GPS data show that much of the Yellowstone caldera continued moving upward, though at a lower rate than the past several years. The maximum measured ground uplift over the past 50 months is ~21 cm at the White Lake GPS station. An example can be found at: [link to pboweb.unavco.org]
The general uplift of the Yellowstone caldera is scientifically interesting and will continue to be monitored closely by YVO staff.
An article on the current uplift episode at Yellowstone and discussion of long-term ground deformation at Yellowstone and elsewhere can be found at: [link to volcanoes.usgs.gov]
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The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) is a partnership of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Yellowstone National Park, and University of Utah to strengthen the long-term monitoring of volcanic and earthquake unrest in the Yellowstone National Park region. Yellowstone is the site of the largest and most diverse collection of natural thermal features in the world and the first National Park. YVO is one of the five USGS Volcano Observatories that monitor volcanoes within the United States for science and public safety.
[link to volcanoes.usgs.gov]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Bonsai B
User ID: 452201
10/2/2008 1:11 AM | | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Hey Bonsai B. Your welcome! I enjoy the topic also. Quoting: Geogal
Hey Geogal,
Been following your thread for a while with interest and finally signed up here.
Got me snooping around a bit what's around here, got lots of lava rock and the closest "famous" one around here would be the Nazko cone. Hasn't been active in an age but they did have a small quake there this spring.
[link to gsc.nrcan.gc.ca]
BB |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/2/2008 11:01 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Hey Geogal,
Been following your thread for a while with interest and finally signed up here.
Got me snooping around a bit what's around here, got lots of lava rock and the closest "famous" one around here would be the Nazko cone. Hasn't been active in an age but they did have a small quake there this spring.
[ link to gsc.nrcan.gc.ca]
BB
Very Neat, BB! It's young enough that speaking from a Volcanologist point of view, it's not officially dormant. It would have had to have been inactive for 10k+years, and it's last activity was between 7K and 10K.... which indicated to me a couple possibilities, especially since they used a carbon test to date that. It either had a low level of activity for about 3k years or it reactivated within that time period. Now, I wish I had a friend who worked in Canada as a geologist! That area sounds quite cool
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/4/2008 11:20 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Chaitén update, 2 October 2008
Posted by volcanismblog
[link to volcanism.wordpress.com]
A new and lengthy Chaitén bulletin has arrived from SERNAGEOMIN, incorporating observations from an overflight that took place on 30 September. The original Spanish text (PDF) is available on Werner Luis’s Chaitén site, and a truncated version can be found on the SERNAGEOMIN site. Full translation as follows.
ERUPTION OF CHAITÉN VOLCANO
TECHNICAL BULLETIN NO. 55
23 TO 30 SEPTEMBER 2008
OVDAS-SERNAGEOMIN
1. Visual observation
During 23 to 25 September, in a similar manner to that of previous reports, the eruptive activity was manifested in two columns of low vigour, which did not exceed 1.5km in altitude, the presence of which was marked by a clear predominance of water vapour over ash-type pyroclastic materials. On 27 and 28 September the eruptive activity increased. From Queilen and Chaitén two eruption columns were observed which together reached around 4.0km altitude, declining slightly on Sunday 28 September to 3.0km. Athough both columns issued separately and together covered practically the entire dome, the distance between them was rapidly reduced to form a single wide active column, white in colour, of little density, light, and moderately vigorous, formed principally of water vapour which predominated over the levels of gases and fine ash.
During an overflight conducted on 30 September, thanks to the co-ordination of the Presidential Delegation, it was observed that the degassing described on previous days was maintained, principally composed of water vapour, with very little ash and with it being practically impossible to identify any definite centre of emission, although there was the suggestion of one in the northern sector. The new dome has grown to exceed the height of the caldera-type depression that surrounds it and there is no evidence of new collapses of the dome or lateral explosions. In the northern sector of the basal ring within the caldera there remains a small lake. In the southern side, it seems, there still exist remnants of the old dome, the boundary of which is marked by small emissions of water vapour and gases in that sector. The eastern sector where the lateral explosion was produced last July has had its external morphology changed through erosion, without endogenous influences.
The new dome has continued to grow, especially in height, to exceed the height of the summit of the caldera, and [to grow] laterally from its north-east flank, until it has reached the wall of the caldera and filled the basal ring around it
2. Seismic activity
Although the number (2-5 per hour) of HB-type earthquakes has been maintained since 20 September they have begun to increase their magnitudes, with at least one that exceeded 3.0M, while the VT-type earthquakes have been rare and of low magnitude (approximately 1.0M). Between 23 and 26 September the number of HB-type earthquakes remained relatively stable but their magnitudes continued to increase, reaching values of around 3.5M during 27 and 28 September. These earthquakes of greater magnitude were registered by the network of four stations located at Llaima volcano, some 460km north of the town of Chaitén. During 29 and 30 September, the seismicity continued with significant HB-type earthquakes (one per hour), maintaining their magnitudes.
Preliminary calculations indicate that the HB-type earthquakes continue to be located in the sector south of the volcano, at a depth of between 2 and 5km. Today 30.09.08 the reinstallation was completed of a new seismic station (the station previously installed in Auchemó) which is located on the north sector of the volcano. This is to make it possible to better quantify the epicentres of the most relevant earthquakes and corroborate their depths.
3. Conclusions and interpretation
During the first 20 days of the month of September, the eruptive and seismic activity remained relatively low and variable, with a predominance of HB-type earthquakes over VT-type earthquakes.
Since 20 September the HB-type seismic activity again increased, some earthquakes exceeding magnitude 3.0M. The data obtained from the network of stations indicate that this seismic increase is associated with the rupture of rocks and the movement of magmatic fluids (HB) in relatively superficial levels of the system and should be related to the extrusion of the active dome (in growth) and not to a new very deep injection of a new pulse of magma. As in July, this new seismic increase has not been correlated with a significant upsurge in eruptive activity, which has remained at a low emission rate, principally water vapour over gases and associated weak ash [emissions].
It is estimated that the seismic activity may tend to stabilize and then begin to descend gradually. If there is no increase in the number and magnitude of HB- and VT-type earthquakes, the latter until now very low, and if there is no new appearance of a growth in the amplitude of the low-frequency background tremor, probably, in the short term there will be no new and important reactivation of eruptive activity
Considering that a marked variability in behaviour of both seismic and eruptive activity persists, SERNAGEOMIN maintains the level of Volcanic Red Alert.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/4/2008 11:22 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Alaska Volcano Observatory
Weekly Update
Friday, October 3, 2008 12:04 PM AKDT (20:04 UTC)
KASATOCHI VOLCANO
52°10'9" N 175°30'41" W, Summit Elevation 1030 ft (314 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: YELLOW
Current Volcano Alert Level: ADVISORY
Low level seismicity at Kasatochi continues. Satellite views this week showed a persistent thermal anomaly at Kasatochi, likely from the warm crater lake and/or the slowly cooling, recently erupted volcanic deposits.
Kasatochi Volcano does not have a seismic network, thus AVO depends on networks on neighboring islands to monitor earthquake activity there. For this reason, low-level seismicity may not be detected and renewed volcanic activity is possible at any time with little or no warning.
OKMOK VOLCANO
53°23'49" N 168°9'58" W, Summit Elevation 3520 ft (1073 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: YELLOW
Current Volcano Alert Level: ADVISORY
Elevated seismicity at Okmok volcano continues, though at much lower levels than in the preceding months. Several small bursts of volcanic tremor were recorded by the Okmok seismic network this week. A few clear to partly cloudy satellite views this week showed nothing unusual.
Although the level of seismicity is relatively low, it is possible for vigorous ash emissions to resume at any time.
CLEVELAND VOLCANO
52°49'20" N 169°56'42" W, Summit Elevation 5676 ft (1730 m)
Current Aviation Color Code: YELLOW
Current Volcano Alert Level: ADVISORY
Satellite and webcam views of Cleveland were mostly cloudy this week; no activity was observed. AVO did not receive any reports about Cleveland this week.
AVO monitors Cleveland Volcano with satellite imagery as weather allows. The lack of a real-time seismic network at Cleveland prevents AVO from tracking local earthquake activity related to volcanic unrest. Short-lived explosions of ash that could exceed 20,000 ft above sea level can occur without warning and may go undetected on satellite imagery.
OTHER ALASKA VOLCANOES
Seismic activity is monitored in real time at 31 volcanoes in Alaska. Satellite images of all Alaskan volcanoes are analyzed daily for evidence of ash plumes and elevated surface temperatures. Some volcanoes may currently display anomalous behavior but are not considered to be at a dangerous level of unrest. Augustine, Iliamna, Redoubt, Wrangell, Gareloi, Great Sitkin, Makushin, Fisher, Shishaldin, Isanotski, Pavlof, Veniaminof, Ugashik-Ugashik-Peulik, Griggs, Snowy, Fourpeaked, Aniakchak, Tanaga, Kanaga, Akutan, Westdahl, Dutton, Ukinrek Maars, Martin, Mageik, Trident, Katmai, Novarupta, Spurr, and Korovin volcanoes are in color code GREEN and volcano alert level Normal. All are at or near normal levels of background seismicity. AVO did not detect ash plumes or significant elevated surface temperatures in the vicinity of any volcano.
Please see [link to www.avo.alaska.edu]
VOLCANO INFORMATION ON THE INTERNET: [link to www.avo.alaska.edu]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| just waiting
User ID: 491938
10/4/2008 11:30 AM
 | | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Hey Geogal whats up? this ones for u  |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/4/2008 11:42 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
Friday, October 3, 2008 08:09 HST (Friday, October 3, 2008 18:09 UTC)
KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.42°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at [link to www.nps.gov]
Activity Summary for last 24 hours: There are two ongoing DI tilt events; inflation has not yet started. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both the Halema`uma`u and Pu`u `O`o vents remain high; tephra production continues from the Halema`uma`u vent. A weak ocean entry plume this morning suggests that, as expected during a DI tilt event, lava has temporarily stopped flow into the tube system.
Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Plume direction was quite varied yesterday initially going to the west, shifting to the north for much of the morning, before finally shifting to the south and southwest in the afternoon. Glow from the Halema`uma`u vent overnight was weaker than previous nights early in the evening but becoming brighter and episodic after midnight. After dawn, the plume resumed its trade wind arc carrying gas over the Ka`u Desert to the southwest. GOES-WEST imagery shows the plume continuing to the southwest and remaining inland of the coast.
Sulfur dioxide emission rates remained elevated and variable. The most recent average measurement was 800 tonnes/day on September 23, compared to the 2003-2007 average rate of 140 tonnes/day. Winds may be sufficient to measure another emission rate today.
The Halema`uma`u vent continued to produce tephra dominated by glassy fragments. This morning, the largest amount of sample again came from the collector nearest the vent; the sample contained tiny glass fragments as has been common over the last few weeks.
The summit tiltmeter network recorded the deflationary start of a DI tilt event at 9:06 am followed by the deflationary start of a second DI tilt event at about 9 pm; the combined deflation so far is about 3 microradians. GPS receivers on either side of the summit caldera (less sensitive than tiltmeters) recorded rapid contraction over the past 24 hours but the results are preliminary.
Episodic tremor stopped after a good-sized hybrid earthquake at 1:42 pm and a few smaller quakes to 4:24 pm but resumed just before midnight; background seismic tremor (the level between episodic bursts) remained at moderate levels. NPS eruption crew reported a boom sound audible at the Jaggar Museum accompanying the 4:24 earthquakes. A total of 24 earthquakes were located beneath Kilauea or nearby including 12 beneath the south caldera and 6 on south flank faults. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes beneath Halema`uma`u Crater is back up to levels of about 80/day.
Last 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma continues to degas through Pu`u `O`o Crater. The most recent sulfur dioxide measurement of 1,700 tonnes/day on September 21 is near background levels for this vent over the past 25.5 years. No incandescence was observed within the crater overnight.
The tiltmeter on the north side of Pu`u `O`o recorded the deflationary start of the same 2 DI tilt events recorded at the summit with about an hour delay each time; the total deflation so far is a little more than one microradian. GPS stations spanning the crater (less sensitive than tiltmeters) recorded weak contraction. Seismic tremor levels near Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vent are at low values.
Lava from the TEB vent and the complex of rootless shields has stopped flow through tubes to the ocean sometime overnight. CD officials reported good viewing from the ocean entry last night. No incandescence was observed from the east rift zone eruption site to the top of the pali overnight. This morning, CD officials report seeing only a tiny ocean entry plume. Lava flowing through the TEB tube often stops several hours after the beginning of DI tilt event deflation; the eruptive pause usually continues until several hours after the inflation that usually follows deflation.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/4/2008 11:43 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Hey Geogal whats up? this ones for u
Hey Just waiting... Is that one early days at Chaiten? Thanks!
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/4/2008 11:47 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Saturday Oct 4, 2008
Redoubt Volcano, Alaska - John Seach
[link to volcanolive.blogspot.com]
Overflights of Redoubt volcano in Alaska have revealed new areas of fumaroles and steaming in September 2008. On September 16, a pilot flying nearby reported a strong smell of hydrogen sulphide. The following week, residents of a cabin near Wadell Lake 25 km northeast of Redoubt volcano reported loud noises coming from the volcano. An overflight on 27th September showed several fractures and circular openings in the upper Drift glacier that had not been seen before. No abnormal seismic activity has been detected. Redoubt Volcano remains at aviation color code GREEN and alert level NORMAL.
More info
Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, USA
[link to geology.about.com]
Redoubt Volcano has the typical cone shape of the young and active Alaskan stratovolcano. Like its many mates in the Aleutian volcanic arc, it erupts magmas derived from the crust of the Pacific plate being subducted beneath Alaska's segment of the North American plate.
Redoubt sits across Cook Inlet from Homer, Alaska. On that waterway travel all the ships going to and from Anchorage, and the oil tankers carrying Alaskan crude to the Lower 48 aren't much farther away. But the scariest hazard that Redoubt poses is to airplanes. On December 15, 1989, a Boeing 747 flew through Redoubt's eruption plume, and all four of its engines choked on volcanic ash. The plane lost half its altitude and was not far from the nearby mountains when the pilots got the engines going again. Incidents like these are the reason for the world's network of nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers, which alert airlines and agencies whenever characters like Redoubt act up. The Anchorage VAAC keeps an eye on it.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/4/2008 12:06 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Montserrat Volcano Observatory
Weekly Report for the period 27 September – 03 October 2008
Activity at the Soufriere Hills Volcano this week has been at a low level consisting mainly of continued rockfalls and mudflows. Although the lava dome has been obscured by cloud most of the time, all evidence suggests that slow lava extrusion continues on the western side of the dome.
Seismic activity continues at a low level. MVO recorded 10 rockfalls, 4 long periods, 1 hybrid and 3 volcano-tectonic events this week.
The sulphur dioxide (SO2) flux was 840 tons per day in average for the week which is lower than the week before, with a minimum of 463 on September 26 and a maximum of 1523 on October 1.
Lava extrusion is expected to continue. Visual observations along with the monitoring signals suggest that the extrusion rate is relatively low, but an increase cannot be ruled out. Pyroclastic flows may occur without any warning, especially when there is heavy rainfall.
The Hazard Level is 3.
Additional information on the Soufrière Hills Volcano and the new Hazard Level System can be found at the MVO website: [link to www.mvo.ms.]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/4/2008 12:46 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
LONG VALLEY OBSERVATORY CURRENT STATUS REPORT
Saturday, October 4, 2008 08:22 PDT (Saturday, October 4, 2008 15:22 UTC)
LONG VALLEY VOLCANIC CENTER VOLCANO (CAVW#1203-14-)
37.70°N 118.87°W, Summit Elevation 11122 ft (3390 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
The realtime computer system located no earthquakes in Long Valley caldera and vicinity since the last update at 10:59 AM (PDT) on October 3.
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LONG VALLEY OBSERVATORY CURRENT STATUS REPORT
Friday, October 3, 2008 10:59 PDT (Friday, October 3, 2008 17:59 UTC)
LONG VALLEY VOLCANIC CENTER VOLCANO (CAVW#1203-14-)
37.70°N 118.87°W, Summit Elevation 11122 ft (3390 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
One earthquake was detected in the vicinity of Long Valley caldera since the last update at 10:36 AM (PDT) on Thursday October 3. The event, a magnitude M=1.6, was located south of the caldera in the Sierra Nevada.
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LONG VALLEY OBSERVATORY CURRENT STATUS REPORT
Thursday, October 2, 2008 10:36 PDT (Thursday, October 2, 2008 17:36 UTC)
LONG VALLEY VOLCANIC CENTER VOLCANO (CAVW#1203-14-)
37.70°N 118.87°W, Summit Elevation 11122 ft (3390 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
No earthquakes were detected in the vicinity of Long Valley caldera since the last update at 9:15 AM (PDT) on Wednesday October 2.
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LONG VALLEY OBSERVATORY CURRENT STATUS REPORT
Wednesday, October 1, 2008 09:15 PDT (Wednesday, October 1, 2008 16:15 UTC)
LONG VALLEY VOLCANIC CENTER VOLCANO (CAVW#1203-14-)
37.70°N 118.87°W, Summit Elevation 11122 ft (3390 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
Three small (magnitude < 2) earthquakes were detected in the vicinity of Long Valley caldera since the last update at 8:33 AM (PDT) on Tuesday September 30. All of the events were located south of the caldera in the Sierra Nevada.
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LONG VALLEY OBSERVATORY CURRENT STATUS REPORT
Tuesday, September 30, 2008 08:33 PDT (Tuesday, September 30, 2008 15:33 UTC)
LONG VALLEY VOLCANIC CENTER VOLCANO (CAVW#1203-14-)
37.70°N 118.87°W, Summit Elevation 11122 ft (3390 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
No earthquakes were detected in the vicinity of Long Valley caldera since the last update at 9:42 AM (PDT) on Monday September 29.
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LONG VALLEY OBSERVATORY CURRENT STATUS REPORT
Monday, September 29, 2008 09:42 PDT (Monday, September 29, 2008 16:42 UTC)
LONG VALLEY VOLCANIC CENTER VOLCANO (CAVW#1203-14-)
37.70°N 118.87°W, Summit Elevation 11122 ft (3390 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
Three small earthquakes were detected in the vicinity of Long Valley caldera since the last update at 10:48 AM (PDT) on Sunday September 28. One event (magnitude M=1.1) was located in the Sierra Nevada SW of Toms Place. The others (M=1.8 and 2.1) were located NW of Round Valley.
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LONG VALLEY OBSERVATORY CURRENT STATUS REPORT
Sunday, September 28, 2008 10:48 PDT (Sunday, September 28, 2008 17:48 UTC)
LONG VALLEY VOLCANIC CENTER VOLCANO (CAVW#1203-14-)
37.70°N 118.87°W, Summit Elevation 11122 ft (3390 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
Two small earthquakes were detected in the vicinity of Long Valley caldera since the last update at 9:50 AM (PDT) on Saturday September 27. One event (magntidue M=1.8) was located in the Sierra Nevada SW of Toms Place. The other (M=1.8) was located NW of Round Valley.
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LONG VALLEY OBSERVATORY CURRENT STATUS REPORT
Saturday, September 27, 2008 09:50 PDT (Saturday, September 27, 2008 16:50 UTC)
LONG VALLEY VOLCANIC CENTER VOLCANO (CAVW#1203-14-)
37.70°N 118.87°W, Summit Elevation 11122 ft (3390 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
Four earthquakes were detected in the vicinity of Long Valley caldera since the last update at 9:37 AM (PDT) on Friday September 26. One event (magntidue M=2.0) was located inside the caldera in the south moat. The other events (M=2.3, 1.5, 1.5) were located south of the caldera in the Sierra Nevada.
-----
The Long Valley Observatory (LVO) monitors and studies earthquakes, ground deformation, degassing, and other types of geologic unrest in and around the Long Valley Caldera. The 15 by 30 km Long Valley Caldera was formed during an eruption 760,000 years ago and is located 20 km south of Mono Lake along the east side of the Sierra Nevada in east-central California. There have been multiple smaller eruptions since the caldera-forming eruption with the most recent occurring 250 years ago in Mono Lake at the north end of Mono-Inyo Craters volcanic chain. LVO is one of the five USGS Volcano Observatories that monitor volcanoes within the United States for science and public safety.
[link to volcano.wr.usgs.gov]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Bonsai B
User ID: 452201
10/5/2008 1:32 AM | | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Very Neat, BB! It's young enough that speaking from a Volcanologist point of view, it's not officially dormant. It would have had to have been inactive for 10k+years, and it's last activity was between 7K and 10K.... which indicated to me a couple possibilities, especially since they used a carbon test to date that. It either had a low level of activity for about 3k years or it reactivated within that time period. Now, I wish I had a friend who worked in Canada as a geologist! That area sounds quite cool Quoting: Geogal
Thank you Geogal,
I suppose if you go with geological terms all the lava rock around here dose look pretty fresh and at one time there must have been quite some activity. Up on the Chicotion plateau you can find roundish lava boulders everywhere, I assume they would be bombs. Lots of interesting things to see and find around here.
BB |
| Anonymous Coward
User ID: 475092
10/5/2008 1:34 AM | | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
yeah volcanos blow all the time get a life! |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/7/2008 10:02 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Mt Spoutan, Indonesia erupts Oct 6, 2008
Indonesian volcano erupts, spews flame and smoke
22 hours ago
[link to ap.google.com]
JAKARTA, Indonesia (AP) — A volcano in central Indonesia erupted Monday, shooting clouds of smoke and flames into the night sky.
Indonesia's volcanology center said Mount Soputan, roughly 1,350 miles (2,160 kilometers) northeast of capital Jakarta on Sulawesi island, billowed smoke plumes as high as 3,200 feet (one kilometer).
The nearest villages are five miles (eight kilometers) from the crater's mouth, well out of the danger zone, the agency said on its Web site. Although no evacuations were ordered, people were warned to stay at a safe distance because it might spew lava.
Indonesia, a tropical archipelago straddling a major fault line known as the "Pacific Ring of Fire," has more active volcanoes than any other nation. The 3,280-foot (1,780-meter) Mount Soputan has been one of the most active.
Indonesians warned to stay away from erupting volcano
8 hours ago
[link to afp.google.com]
JAKARTA (AFP) — People living in the shadow of Mount Soputan volcano on Indonesia's Sulawesi island were warned to stay away Tuesday after it started erupting with smoke and flame, officials said.
"There's no order to evacuate but people are asked to stay outside a radius of four kilometres (2.5 miles) from the volcano's summit because it could spew lava and heat clouds down its slopes," volcanologist Sandi said.
The nearest village was eight kilometres away on the western side of the volcano, which towers 1,783 metres (5,955 feet) over North Sulawesi province.
The mountain started erupting Monday morning and continued to shoot massive clouds of smoke and flame throughout the night, prompting authorities to raise the eruption warning level to the third highest on a four-level system.
A new lava dome has been forming at the peak of Mount Soputan since a big eruption in 1991. Scientists have said that its collapse will send lava as well as deadly heatclouds speeding down its slopes.
Indonesia sits on the Pacific "Ring of Fire" where continental plates collide, causing frequent seismic and volcanic activity. The archipelago nation is home to 129 active volcanoes, including 21 on Java.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/7/2008 10:07 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS WEEKLY UPDATE
Monday, October 6, 2008 05:56 MPT (Sunday, October 5, 2008 19:56 UTC)
[link to volcanoes.usgs.gov]
ANATAHAN VOLCANO (CAVW#0804-20=)
16.35°N 145.67°E, Summit Elevation 2592 ft (790 m)
Volcano Alert Level: NORMAL
Aviation Color Code: GREEN
Report prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey.
On Oct. 1 the aviation color code at Anatahan volcano was lowered from Yellow to Green and the alert level lowered from Advisory to Normal. There have been no reports of eruptive activity.
During times of northerly winds, the Anatahan plume, if present, could be directed towards the CNMI and Guam. If this happens, residents may notice hazy air conditions and smell sulfur. The Emergency Management Office (EMO) of the CNMI government will issue volcanic haze and sulfur advisories if appropriate.
Access to the island may be restricted by the CNMI government. Contact the EMO to get the latest information.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/7/2008 10:16 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
Monday, October 6, 2008 07:57 HST (Monday, October 6, 2008 17:57 UTC)
[link to volcano.wr.usgs.gov]
KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.42°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at [link to www.nps.gov]
Activity Summary for last 24 hours: The DI tilt event that started on Thursday completed with inflation at Pu`u `O`o starting about 6:30 pm last night. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both the Halema`uma`u and Pu`u `O`o vents remain high; tephra production continues from the Halema`uma`u vent. A significantly reduced amount of lava, if any at all, flows through tubes to the ocean. Satellite images suggest that surface flows are starting in the TEB vent area; lava is in the process of returning to the flow field.
Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Plume direction yesterday was to the south and southwest. Glow from the Halema`uma`u vent overnight was quite strong and episodic; the lava pond is probably relatively high in the vent but still well below the rim. After dawn, the plume resumed its trade wind arc carrying gas over the Ka`u Desert to the southwest. GOES-WEST imagery shows the plume continuing southwest along the coast to Waiohinu and South Point at 7 am.
Sulfur dioxide emission rates remained elevated and variable. The most recent average measurement was 900 tonnes/day on October 3 (preliminary value), compared to the 2003-2007 average rate of 140 tonnes/day.
The Halema`uma`u vent continued to produce tephra dominated by glassy fragments.
The summit tiltmeter network recorded inflation since Friday evening as the final stage of Thursday's DI tilt event; total inflation was +5.5 microradians. GPS receivers on either side of the summit caldera (less sensitive than tiltmeters) sympathetically recorded extension during this inflation.
Strong episodic tremor started about 1:25 pm and continues. A total of 10 earthquakes were located beneath Kilauea or nearby including 4 beneath the south caldera and 3 on south flank faults. The number of RB2S2BL earthquakes beneath Halema`uma`u Crater increased to values of 80/day.
Last 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma continues to degas through Pu`u `O`o Crater. The most recent sulfur dioxide measurement of 1,700 tonnes/day on September 21 is near background levels for this vent over the past 25.5 years. No incandescence was observed within the crater overnight.
The tiltmeter on the north side of Pu`u `O`o recorded indisputable inflation starting at about 6:30 pm; this morning, there has been more than -2.6 microradians. GPS stations spanning the crater (less sensitive than tiltmeters) sympathetically recorded extension overnight. Seismic tremor levels near Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vent were at low values; the levels near Pu`u `O`o decreased a little after midnight and the levels near the TEB vent almost doubled after 3 am.
Lava from the TEB vent and the complex of rootless shields reduced or stopped flow through tubes. CD officials reported no ocean plume yesterday nor last evening. No incandescence was observed from the east rift zone eruption site to the top of the pali overnight. A thermal anomaly appeared near the vent area just after 6 am this morning in GOES-WEST imagery, probably indicating surface flows in that vicinity. CD officials report no plume this morning so lava has not fully resumed flow through tubes to the ocean.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/7/2008 10:20 AM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Monday, October 06, 2008
Chaitén Volcano, Chile - John Seach
Seismic activity has increased at Chaiten volcano in Chile since 20th September. Some earthquakes reached magnitude 3. The earthquakes are related to breaking of rocks and movement of magmatic fluids at shallow levels of the system. There is continued extrusion of the lava dome. The increase in seismic activity has not been correlated with a significant upturn in the eruptive activity, which has remained stable with a low emission rate. Gas and ash is being emitted from the dome. On 27th and 28th September, eruption columns reached 4.0 km above sea level. This activity is similar to that observed by John Seach during a climb to the summit in August 2008.
Sunday, October 05, 2008
Nyiragongo Volcano, Democratic Republic of Congo - John Seach
A magnitude 5.2 earthquake hit 40 km north of Nyiragongo volcano on Sunday 5th October 2008 at 2:02 am local time. The shallow focus earthquake was also close to Nyamuragira volcano. Nyiragongo volcano contains an active lava lake which continues to pose a hazard to Goma, a town of 500,000 people living on its southern flank.
[link to volcanolive.blogspot.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/8/2008 2:55 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Wednesday, October 08, 2008
Nevado del Huila Volcano, Colombia - John Seach
Seismic activity increased at Nevado del Huila volcano in Colombia in October 2008. During the week of 1-7 October 2008 there were 1405 seismic events. Of these, 273 are related to fracturing of rocks, 1199 with the fluid dynamics within the volcanic conduits, 22 hybrids and 11 pulses of low-magnitude tremor. The seismic activity indicates movement of magma towards the surface. Sulphur dioxide emissions reached a rate of 10,590 tons/day on 2nd October 2008. The volcano is at alert level YELLOW.
[link to volcanolive.blogspot.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
10/8/2008 8:01 PM | | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Kamchatkan and Northern Kuriles Volcanic Activity
KVERT INFORMATION RELEASE 46-08
Thursday, October 08, 2008, 08:45 UTC (21:45 KDT)
KLYUCHEVSKOY VOLCANO; 56° 03'N, 160° 39'E; Elevation 4,750 m
CURRENT LEVEL OF CONCERN COLOR CODE IS ORANGE
PREVIOUS LEVEL OF CONCERN COLOR CODE IS YELLOW
Strombolian activity in the summit crater of Klyuchevskoy volcano was registered by staff of KVERT about 07:00 UTC on October 08. An increase of eruptive activity of the volcano possibly at any time. The activity of the volcano could affect international and low-flying aircraft.
Seismic activity of the volcano was above background levels all week: a lot of volcanic earthquakes and volcanic tremor were registered at the volcano all week. According to visual data, a weak or moderate fumarolic activity of the volcano was observed on October 2-6, clouds obscured the volcano on October 07. According to satellite data, a thermal anomaly was registered over the volcano all weak.
IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR CONCERNS, PLEASE CONTACT:
Dr. Olga Girina, KVERT, IVS FED RAS
E-mail: girina@kscnet.ru
Tel. (41522) 58325
Oxana Sobolevskaya, KVERT, KB GS RAS
E-mail: ssl@emsd.ru
Tel. (41522) 59523
Tom Murray, Scientist-in-Charge, USGS
E-mail: tlmurray@usgs.gov
Tel. 907-786-7497
The Kamchatkan Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) is a non-commercial cooperative program of the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO, USA), the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (IVS) FED RAS and the Kamchatkan Branch of Geophysical Survey (KB GS) RAS (Russia). KVERT staff is available in the office from 8:30 AM till 6:00 PM (KST or KDT) and by phone during the evenings. KVERT uses daily satellite imagery, information from remote scientific observation stations, real-time seismic data for 10 volcanoes, and other information to monitor activity at Kamchatkan and Northern Kuriles Volcanoes.
The official web-page of KVERT (the Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FED RAS): [link to www.kscnet.ru] |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/9/2008 2:44 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
Thursday, October 9, 2008 08:13 HST (Thursday, October 9, 2008 18:13 UTC)
[link to volcano.wr.usgs.gov]
KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.42°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park status can be found at [link to www.nps.gov]
Activity Summary for last 24 hours: There is an active lava flow on the pali east of Royal Gardens subdivision; lava has resumed flow through tubes to the ocean; Waikupanaha ocean entry is active. Sulfur dioxide emission rates from both the Halema`uma`u and Pu`u `O`o vents remain high; tephra production continues from the Halema`uma`u vent.
Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Plume direction yesterday was to the southwest and south. Glow from the Halema`uma`u vent overnight was again episodic and bright but somewhat weaker than previous nights; the lava pond is probably relatively high in the vent but still well below the rim. This morning, the plume is rising over the Ka`u Desert to the southwest of the vent. At 7 am, the plume was moving SSW before fanning to the south in GOES-WEST imagery.
Sulfur dioxide emission rates remained elevated and variable. The most recent average measurement was 900 tonnes/day on October 6, compared to the 2003-2007 average rate of 140 tonnes/day.
The Halema`uma`u vent continued to produce tephra dominated by glassy fragments. This morning, collection amounts were smaller than in previous days.
The summit tiltmeter network recorded weak deflation. The GPS receiver networks (less sensitive than tiltmeters) recorded minor oscillations with no significant inflation or deflation.
Seismic activity continued to be focused on Halema`uma`u Crater; episodic tremor has weakened considerably since yesterday morning. Four moderate hybrid earthquakes occurred yesterday. A total of 13 earthquakes located beneath Kilauea or nearby, including 8 beneath the south caldera and 5 on south flank faults, with a decreasing number of RB2S2BL earthquakes (less than 60/day).
Last 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma continues to degas through Pu`u `O`o Crater. The most recent sulfur dioxide measurement of 1,200 tonnes/day on October 3 is below background levels for this vent over the past 25.5 years. No incandescence was observed within the crater overnight.
The tiltmeter on the north side of Pu`u `O`o recorded weak deflation. GPS stations spanning the crater (less sensitive than tiltmeters) recorded no significant extension or contraction. Seismic tremor levels near Pu`u `O`o and the TEB vent were at low values.
Lava from the TEB vent and the complex of rootless shields is flowing through tubes to the ocean. GOES-WEST thermal anomalies were present on the flow field throughout the past 24 hours. The Waikupanaha ocean entry was active but weak yesterday. An `a`a flow was spotted just above and along the eastern margin of the abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision at an elevation of 370 m (1,200 ft) at 1:30 pm. No incandescence was observed from the east rift eruption site to the top of the pali above the subdivision. GOES-WEST imagery shows a weak plume going SW from the ocean entry at 7 am. CD officials also report that this morning's ocean entry steam plume is bigger than yesterday's.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Anonymous Coward
User ID: 520944
10/9/2008 4:50 PM | | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
OMG LAVOS WHERES CHRONO AND ROBO?! |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
10/9/2008 7:22 PM | | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
OMG LAVOS WHERES CHRONO AND ROBO?! Quoting: Anonymous Coward 520944
botting about some place... likely. LOL! |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/10/2008 12:25 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Deep Magma Matters: Volcanic Eruptions More Complex And Harder To Predict
ScienceDaily (Oct. 9, 2008) —
[link to www.sciencedaily.com]
New research by a team of US and UK scientists into volcanoes has found that they function in a far more complex way than previously thought, making future eruptions even harder to predict.
Although the Soufrière Hills volcano on the Caribbean island of Montserrat exhibits cycles of eruption and quiet, the international team of researchers found that magma is continuously supplied from deep in the crust but that a valve acts below a shallower magma chamber, releasing lava to the surface periodically.
"Continuous records of surface deformation are available for only a few volcanoes," says Derek Elsworth, professor of energy and geo-environmental engineering, Penn State. "The Soufrière Hills volcano has been erupting since 1995 and provides a peek into the processes occurring deep beneath this stratovolcano."
Stratovolcanoes are one of the most common forms of volcano on Earth. They are cone-shaped with steep sides created by episodic eruptions of magma that flow down from the cone a short way and create layer upon layer of volcanic material.
The researchers, who include Elsworth; Barry Voight, professor emeritus of geology and geological engineering, and Joshua Taron, a doctoral student in energy and geo-environmental engineering, Penn State; Glen Mattioli, professor of geosciences, University of Arkansas, and Richard Herd, senior lecturer in geophysical Earth observation, University of East Anglia, UK, report on using measurements of ground inflation and deflation as a window to the transfer of magma deep within the crust. From these observations, "it is apparent that the major changes in magma storage that have supplied the eruption are from depth, with the lower reservoir contributing only a third of the erupted volume," they say in the journal Science.
In 1995, the Soufrière Hills volcano began the current series of eruptions and pauses. The November 1995 event lasted until March 1998, during which time a dome of andesite – a volcanic rock – grew continuously. From March 1998 until November 1999, there was a pause in above ground volcanic activity and the lava dome collapsed from its own weight and inactivity. Beginning in December 1999, the second episode continued until mid-July 2003, followed by a pause until October 2005. The third episode began then and ended in March 2007.
"The pause that began in 2007 apparently ended in August 2008 with the slow extrusion of lava on the western flank of the dome," says Elsworth.
The pattern of eruptions and pauses might suggest that the magma beneath the Earth behaves in a stop-and-start pattern but the data indicate that magma production beneath the volcano is continuous and relatively constant. During eruptive pauses, the magma supply inflates the deep chamber until this stored magma is released into the upper chamber where it forces a renewed eruption. These observations implicate the deep reservoir in setting the timing of eruptions, rather than the shallow chamber, as had previously been considered.
The researchers believe that the upper reservoir is open and that there is a "valve" between it and the lower reservoir because the lower reservoir can refill while the upper reservoir is open and unaffected. It is unknown whether a build-up of heat or the pressure of gas breaches the valve from the lower to upper reservoir.
Analysis of the data collected on the Soufrière Hills volcano also indicates that the periodic eruptions deplete only the lower magma reservoir, not the upper reservoir. During lulls in eruption, the deep reservoir refills but at only half the rate that the magma was lost. Because the pauses between eruptions are shorter than the eruptions, the deep magma chamber does not make up the pre-eruption volume and the deep magma chamber, over time, contains less and less magma.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/10/2008 12:33 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Geologists Create Map Of Threat Of Volcanic Eruptions Throughout The United States
June 1, 2008 —
[link to www.sciencedaily.com]
Geologists combined research from around the country with Google Maps to show where volcanoes could erupt in the United States. The website is constantly updated to reflect the current status of individual volcanoes, and color codes any warnings to indicate severity.
Millions of people in the United States live every day with the threat of a volcano close by. If it erupts, it could be disastrous -- not only for the people on the ground, but also for the planes flying above. But a new website could help warn them both if disaster strikes.
In 1989, a plane full of passengers flew into a cloud, which stalled all four engines! It's not the weather to blame, but a volcano! Ash plumes can bring down planes and send entire towns running for cover. Now, there's a new way for emergency managers and the people who live in the shadows of a volcano to know if danger is on its way.
"We're looking at about 170 that could potentially erupt," Dina Venezky, Ph.D., a geologist for the United States Geological Survey's volcano hazards program in Menlo Park, Calif., told Ivanhoe. She is launching a website combining google maps with research from around the country, to show all the volcanoes in the United States that could erupt, updating their status and providing information about possible hazards.
"Most of the volcanoes are around the ring of fire, which means that they're along the coast of the western U.S. and then heading up through Alaska," Dr. Venezky explains. The website shows not only volcanic activity, but also seismic activity and changes in the gas chemistry, which can indicate a potential eruption. The warnings are color coded. Green … everything is normal. Yellow … there is some activity. Orange … even more activity. "For Mount St. Helens, there's a dome that was growing and has paused," Dr. Venezky says.
The threat is real. Just last month gases from Kilauea in Hawaii forced two thousand people from their homes. "Kilauea in Hawaii is going through new phases of activity and so there's ash coming out; there's lava entering the ocean," Dr. Venesky explains.
Knowing when and how fierce a volcano is erupting can save thousands from lava flows, avalanches of hot volcanic debris, gas and large clouds of ash -- all potentially life-threatening. Researchers hope information at [link to www.volcanoes.usgs.gov] will give everyone the tools they need to be prepared on the ground and in the air.
Pilots were able to get the plane KLM 867 back on track and everyone on board was safe.
WHAT DOES THE MAP SHOW? The USGS Volcano Hazards Program combines maps and information about hazards to allow emergency managers and the public to visualize the status of volcanoes around the world. The map-based interface allows users to understand the danger posed by each volcano in relationship to the people and places surrounding it.
THE RING OF FIRE: Over 75 percent of the world’s volcanoes fall within the so-called “Ring of Fire,” circling from South America, to Alaska, to Japan, and on to New Zealand. Most volcanoes are located at the boundary of tectonic plates, which are massive slabs of the Earth’s crust that move slowly over what is called the asthenosphere. In the Pacific region, a great number of volcanoes occur where one plate dives below another. As the plate drops deeper it sets in a motion the process that creates lava. The molten lava then begins to rise through the solid rock above and create volcanoes.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
10/10/2008 12:33 PM
| | Re: Volcano update December 1, see pg 33 | Quote |
Geologists Create Map Of Threat Of Volcanic Eruptions Throughout The United States
June 1, 2008 —
[link to www.sciencedaily.com]
Geologists combined research from around the country with Google Maps to show where volcanoes could erupt in the United States. The website is constantly updated to reflect the current status of individual volcanoes, and color codes any warnings to indicate severity.
Millions of people in the United States live every day with the threat of a volcano close by. If it erupts, it could be disastrous -- not only for the people on the ground, but also for the planes flying above. But a new website could help warn them both if disaster strikes.
In 1989, a plane full of passengers flew into a cloud, which stalled all four engines! It's not the weather to blame, but a volcano! Ash plumes can bring down planes and send entire towns running for cover. Now, there's a new way for emergency managers and the people who live in the shadows of a volcano to know if danger is on its way.
"We're looking at about 170 that could potentially erupt," Dina Venezky, Ph.D., a geologist for the United States Geological Survey's volcano hazards program in Menlo Park, Calif., told Ivanhoe. She is launching a website combining google maps with research from around the country, to show all the volcanoes in the United States that could erupt, updating their status and providing information about possible hazards.
"Most of the volcanoes are around the ring of fire, which means that they're along the coast of the western U.S. and then heading up through Alaska," Dr. Venezky explains. The website shows not only volcanic activity, but also seismic activity and changes in the gas chemistry, which can indicate a potential eruption. The warnings are color coded. Green … everything is normal. Yellow … there is some activity. Orange … even more activity. "For Mount St. Helens, there's a dome that was growing and has paused," Dr. Venezky says.
The threat is real. Just last month gases from Kilauea in Hawaii forced two thousand people from their homes. "Kilauea in Hawaii is going through new phases of activity and so there's ash coming out; there's lava entering the ocean," Dr. Venesky explains.
Knowing when and how fierce a volcano is erupting can save thousands from lava flows, avalanches of hot volcanic debris, gas and large clouds of ash -- all potentially life-threatening. Researchers hope information at [link to www.volcanoes.usgs.gov] will give everyone the tools they need to be prepared on the ground and in the air.
Pilots were able to get the plane KLM 867 back on track and everyone on board was safe.
WHAT DOES THE MAP SHOW? The USGS Volcano Hazards Program combines maps and information about hazards to allow emergency managers and the public to visualize the status of volcanoes around the world. The map-based interface allows users to understand the danger posed by each volcano in relationship to the people and places surrounding it.
THE RING OF FIRE: Over 75 percent of the world’s volcanoes fall within the so-called “Ring of Fire,” circling from South America, to Alaska, to Japan, and on to New Zealand. Most volcanoes are located at the boundary of tectonic plates, which are massive slabs of the Earth’s crust that move slowly over what is called the asthenosphere. In the Pacific region, a great number of volcanoes occur where one plate dives below another. As the plate drops deeper it sets in a motion the process that creates lava. The molten lava then begins to rise through the solid rock above and create volcanoes.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
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