|
| |
| | Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 | Volcano update November 19, see pg 32
| Geogal 
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/1/2008 3:38 PM
 | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
Sunday, June 1, 2008 07:50 HST (Sunday, June 1, 2008 17:50 UTC)
KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.42°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Information on the status of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park can be found at [link to www.nps.gov]
Activity Summary for last 24 hours: No significant changes. Kilauea Volcano is active at two locations. At the summit, small amounts of ash and elevated amounts of sulfur dioxide gas continued to erupt from the Halema`uma`u vent. At the east rift eruption site, sulfur dioxide gas continued to issue from Pu`u `O`o crater and its new gas vent; lava continued to erupt from the TEB vent area and flow through tubes to the ocean.
Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Molten lava probably exists at shallow depth within the new vent, but cannot yet be seen directly from the surface. The incandescence seen at night is wall rock heated by the radiant molten lava below and the gas rising up through the vent.
A white plume (gray or light brown when in shadow) continued to issue from the Halema`uma`u vent; trade winds are blowing the plume to the southwest about 100-200 m (320-650 ft) above the ground. Small amounts of ash continued to be found in collectors beneath the plume each morning; approximately half of the ash collected consisted of volcanic glass fragments in the form of Pele's tears, spheres, Pele's hair, and curviform bits. Strong winds last night correlated with a slightly larger amount of collected ash suggesting that some of it was windblown ground debris mixed with the fallout from the plume.
The SO2 emission rate remained high and variable; the most recent average measurement was 1,380 tonnes/day on the morning of May 31 compared to 550 tonnes/day on May 30 and a background rate between 150-200 tonnes/day.
The summit tiltmeter network recorded minor oscillations not organized well enough to reveal a volcano signal. GPS receivers on opposite sides of the summit caldera recorded no contraction or extension greater than measurement error since May 18. The average rate of contraction over the three months prior to May 18 was about 1 cm (0.4 inches)/month.
Seismic tremor levels have gradually decreased since early April but remain at elevated values; episodic increases in tremor continued. An average of 20 small earthquakes per day continued to be detected by seismometers in the caldera; smaller earthquakes can now be detected due to the lower tremor levels. Of the quakes large enough to be located, three were located beneath the upper parts of both rift zones; three were located on south flank faults.
Last 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma continued to degas at shallow levels beneath Pu`u `O`o before entering the lava tube system under the TEB vent and the rootless shield complex resulting in the emission at another unusually high rate of 2,980 tonnes/day in the morning and 3,330 tonnes/day in the afternoon on May 30 compared to a background value closer to 2,000 tonnes/day when measured on May 25 and earlier.
No incandescence was seen in the Pu`u `O`o crater last night; the new vent on the east crater wall continued to jet heated gas and is possibly responsible for the higher SO2 emission rates measured over the past several days. The Pu`u `O`o tiltmeter recorded minor oscillations. GPS receivers recorded continued contraction across the crater at a rate of nearly 2 cm (0.8 in)/month. Seismic tremor levels have increased slightly over the past two weeks but remained at low values with episodic low-frequency tremor bursts.
The tube system seems stable and is efficiently transporting lava from the vent to the ocean. No incandescence was seen in the small hole between two larger collapse pits on the TEB shield overnight. CD officials again reported one strong, explosive entry was providing good viewing for visitors last night. No active surface flows were observed anywhere on the flow field.
[link to volcano.wr.usgs.gov]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/2/2008 8:01 PM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Chaitén: NASA satellite image, 2 June 2008
A new satellite image of the ongoing eruption at Chaitén volcano has been published at the NASA Earth Observatory Natural Hazards site. The picture was taken on 31 May 2008 using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite.
:chaiten50:
The grey-white colour of the eruption plume indicates that it consists mainly of water vapour, but ashfall can be seen to the south, where heavy clouds of ash are hugging the topography and filling the valleys. To the east, over Argentina, the plume disperses above a landscape stained grey by earlier ashfall.
The red square indicates that the satellite detected a thermal anomaly at the summit of the volcano; this is apparently the first time Chaitén has triggered the MODIS fire detection alogorithm. This hot spot may indicate the presence of a shallow body of magma just beneath the new lava dome. It is however difficult to tell, even from the high resolution (799KB) version of the image, just where the anomaly is located, within or beyond the area of current activity.
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/2/2008 10:23 PM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
What Makes An Old Geyser Faithful
Date: May 30, 2008
Contact: (NPS) Al Nash or Stacy Vallie,
Contact: (USGS) Shaul Hurwitz,
Contact: (USGS) Leslie Gordon,
New research suggests that how often Old Faithful and other Yellowstone geysers erupt may depend on annual rainfall patterns.
Geysers are rare hot springs that periodically erupt bursts of steam and hot water. Old Faithful has remained faithful for at least the past 135 years, showering appreciative tourists every 50 to 90 minutes (most recently an average of 91 minutes).
USGS researcher Shaul Hurwitz and his colleagues from Stanford University and Yellowstone National Park have discovered that changes of water supply to a geyser’s underground plumbing may have a large influence on eruption intervals; that is, the time between eruptions. For example, geysers appear to lengthen and shorten their intervals on cycles that mimic annual dry and wet periods.
Multi-year precipitation records also strongly correlate with geyser behavior. Based on these results, the study proposes that an extended drought should result in longer intervals between eruptions, and perhaps even cessation of activity in some geysers. In contrast, in years with high precipitation, eruption intervals should be more frequent. The new research paper, “Climate-Induced Variations of Geyser Periodicity in Yellowstone National Park, USA,” is published in the June issue of the journal Geology [link to www.gsajournals.org]
Additional information: Geysers are extremely rare; perhaps less than 1000 exist worldwide, with more than half of them in Yellowstone National Park. The famous Old Faithful Geyser was named in 1870 during the Washburn-Langford-Doane Yellowstone expedition and was the first geyser in the Park to be named. Old Faithful eruptions can be viewed on any computer on Earth via a video camera deployed by the National Park Service ( [link to www.nps.gov]
This study is a cooperative effort involving the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Park Service.
USGS provides science for a changing world. For more information, visit www.usgs.gov.
[link to www.nps.gov]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/4/2008 12:38 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Tuesday, June 03, 2008
Mt Etna Volcano, Italy -
Lava flows continue at Mt Etna volcano in Italy. Eruptive activity began three weeks ago, with a fracture forming between 2620 m and 3050 m elevation. The fracture is 1.3 km long, and contains several craters which were formed by explosive activity. Exlosions are still occurring and send projectiles to a height of 20 m. Lava contines to erupt from a vent at 2750 m altitude, and flows into the Valle del Bove.
[link to volcanolive.blogspot.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/4/2008 12:41 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
Tuesday, June 3, 2008 07:26 HST (Tuesday, June 3, 2008 17:26 UTC)
KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.42°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Information on the status of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park can be found at [link to www.nps.gov]
Activity Summary for last 24 hours: No significant changes. Kilauea Volcano is active at two locations. At the summit, small amounts of ash and elevated amounts of sulfur dioxide gas continued to erupt from the Halema`uma`u vent. A DI tilt event is in progress. At the east rift eruption site, sulfur dioxide gas continued to issue from Pu`u `O`o crater and its new gas vent; lava continued to erupt from the TEB vent area and flow through tubes to the ocean.
Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Molten lava probably exists at shallow depth within the new vent, but cannot yet be seen directly from the surface. The incandescence seen at night is wall rock heated by the radiant molten lava below and the gas rising up through the vent.
A white plume (gray or light brown when in shadow) continued to issue from the Halema`uma`u vent; trade winds are blowing the plume to the southwest about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the ground. Small amounts of ash continued to be found in collectors beneath the plume each morning; approximately half of the collected ash consisted of volcanic glass fragments.
The SO2 emission rate remained high and variable; the most recent average measurement was 1,840 tonnes/day on the morning of June 02 compared to 1,380 tonnes/day on May 31 and a background rate between 150-200 tonnes/day.
The summit tiltmeter network recorded the start of a DI tilt event just before 11 pm. GPS receivers on opposite sides of the summit caldera recorded no contraction or extension greater than measurement error since May 18. The average rate of contraction over the three months prior to May 18 was about 1 cm (0.4 inches)/month.
Seismic tremor levels increased slightly in response to the DI tilt event; episodic increases in tremor continued. An average of 20-40 small earthquakes per day continued to be detected by seismometers in the caldera; smaller earthquakes can now be detected due to the lower tremor levels. Of the quakes large enough to be located, one was located beneath Halema`uma`u Crater and another offshore on south flank faults.
Last 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma continued to degas at shallow levels beneath Pu`u `O`o before entering the lava tube system under the TEB vent and the rootless shield complex resulting in the emission at another unusually high rate of 2,980 tonnes/day in the morning and 3,330 tonnes/day in the afternoon on May 30 compared to a background value closer to 2,000 tonnes/day when measured on May 25 and earlier.
No incandescence was seen in the Pu`u `O`o crater last night; the new vent on the east crater wall continued to jet heated gas and is possibly responsible for the higher SO2 emission rates measured over the past week. The Pu`u `O`o tiltmeter recorded minor oscillations superimposed on a delayed response to the DI tilt event at the summit. GPS receivers recorded continued contraction across the crater at a rate of nearly 2 cm (0.8 in)/month. Seismic tremor levels remained at low values with infrequent low-frequency tremor bursts.
The tube system seems stable and is efficiently transporting lava from the vent to the ocean. No incandescence was seen from rift zone to the top of the pali overnight. HVO geologists reported one strong entry providing explosions around noon. CD officials reported that two strong entries with visible flowing lava but few explosions were providing 'really incredible' viewing for visitors last night. No active surface flows were noted on the flow field.
[link to volcano.wr.usgs.gov]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/4/2008 12:42 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Activity at Fuego, Guatemala 3 June 2008
On 28 May the Instito Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrologia of Guatemala (INSIVUMEH) issued a special bulletin for Fuego reporting that although no eruption was under way the constant ‘weak to moderate’ explosive activity from the volcano was producing an ash cloud of 700m altitude, which, combined with strong winds at Fuego’s 3763m summit, constituted a potential hazard to civil aviation.
The daily report for 2 June indicates that Fuego’s behaviour is changing: the explosive activity is continuing, but is now accompanied by lava fountains reaching 50-100m in height which have produced a small (100m) lava flow along the Santa Teresa ravine. There is the possibility that this erupted material may produce a blockage in the crater over the next few days. ‘Although activity is low for the moment’, notes the report, ’it may be that this is the beginning of a possible eruption similar to that of the year 2007 in the next few days or weeks’. INSIVUMEH will continue to monitor the situation and take appropriate measures.
The eruption of August 2007 at Fuego produced lava flows and ashfall, and led to local evacuations. Explosive eruptions producing a 10-15km eruption column occurred in December 2007.
[link to volcanism.wordpress.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/4/2008 10:49 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Wednesday, June 04, 2008
Chaitén Volcano, Chile -
On 2nd June the eruption column from Chaitén volcano reached 3 km altitude. Pumice has reached the beaches on the eastern side of Chiloé Island, 60 km west of the volcano. The pumice was transported down the Yelcho, Negro and Chaitén rivers and has a maximum diameter of 40 cm. Seismic activity is still being recorded at the volcano.
[link to volcanolive.blogspot.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/4/2008 10:51 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Chaitén update, 4 June 2008
A new report on activity at Chaitén, dated 3 June 2008, has just appeared on the SERNAGEOMIN web site. Translation as follows:
03.06.2008 Sernageomin report concerning the eruptive activity of Chaitén volcano
During Sunday 1 June, because of the distribution of the plume, fine ash and volcanic dust was precipitated across the central-eastern area of Chiloé island (Queilen, Lelbún, Chonchi, Dalcahue and Castro, among other [areas]). Due to these conditions it proved impossible to advance the consolidation of the seismic monitoring network.
On Monday 2 June a dense fog affected the Corcovado Gulf, and especially the coastal area of continental Chiloé, due to the stirring up of the ashfall by the wind.
However, a distant inspection flight by helicopter showed that the volcano’s eruption column was reaching an altitude of no more than 3km above sea level and that the plume was dispersed in a south-south-easterly direction.
On the beaches of Chiloé island, particularly in Lelbún (12km north of Queilen), pumice has continued to accumulate, floating from the mouths of the rivers Yelcho, Negro and Chaitén. In the deposit it has been possible to observe pumice fragments of up to 40cm diameter.
This material has been observed in all beaches in the area, forming layers of accumulation of various dimensions.
Seismic activity
Seismic activity shows a slight increase in comparison with previous days, reflected in a larger number of VT [volcano-tectonic] earthquakes and LP [long period] type earthquakes. The latter are interpreted as being caused by the movement of fluids and/or pressurization in the upper conduit. Thus, from 1 to 2 June Auchemó and Santa Bárbara seismic stations registered an average of 5 VT-type earthquakes per hour, with magnitudes of less than 2. In addition both stations observed, although in a very sporadic form, LP-type events of short duration (less than 60 seconds).
In accordance with the foregoing, SERNAGEOMIN maintains a Red Volcanic Alert in the area.
[link to volcanism.wordpress.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/4/2008 10:54 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Cerro Azul: decline in activity 4 June 2008
‘Giant tortoises safe as Galapagos volcano ends activity’ announces AFP in a news report today, and Ecuadorian newspaper El Universo agrees: ‘Volcán Cerro Azul dejó de erupcionar en Galápagos’. Talk of Cerro Azul’s activity ‘ending’ may be premature, however. The volcanologists of Ecuador’s Instituto Geofísico (IG) are rather more circumspect in their second special bulletin (PDF) on the eruption. They report that the lava flows from a fissure on the south-east flank of the volcano, which had reached a maximum extent of about 10km between Thursday 29 May and Sunday 1 June, ceased at around 15:00 local time on Sunday. The flow of lava gave way to emissions of water vapour and gas from the numerous vents along the fissure. At the same time satellite imagery revealed a decline in the intensity of the hot spot which had been detected near the fissure. However, the IG warns that there may well be further activity to come, with the focus of activity moving from the flank of the volcano to within the caldera:
While activity has decreased significantly for the moment and the emission of lava flows has ceased, a resumption in the coming days cannot be ruled out; it must be recalled that in the 1998 eruption, the activity was initially localized in the south-east flank, but a few days later the activity was located within the caldera, and lava flows were registered in the interior of the caldera. In the event that the latter situation is produced, since a gap exists in the interior of the caldera, there is a high likelihood that phreatomagmatic explosions will be generated, that occur when magma comes into contact with water, as attested by the deposits of volcanic material left on the edge of the caldera during past eruptions of the volcano.
A report from Terra España, quoting Galapagos National Park (PNG) officials, describes the seat of the eruption as ‘a radial fissure forming a crack about one kilometre in length, with a chain of small cones from which lava was expelled’. According to the PNG, only non-endangered species of flora were damaged during the eruption, there is no danger of forest fire because of the high rainfall at this time of year, and that no further damage from the lava is anticipated.
[link to volcanism.wordpress.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/4/2008 1:30 PM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
36 volcanoes now currently active
VOLCANO LATITUDE LONGITUDE COUNTRY
<Ring of FIRE Volcanoes>
Semeru 08.11S 112.92E JAVA
Bagana 06.14S 155.20E PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Balbi 05.92S 154.98E PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Rabaul 04.27S 152.20E NEW BRITAIN
Batu Tara 07.79S 123.58E INDONESIA
Krakatau 06.10S 105.42E INDONESIA
Egon 08.67S 122.45E INDONESIA
Dukono 01.68N 127.88E INDONESIA
Heard Is. 53.11S 073.51E INDIAN OCEAN
Kerinci 01.70S 101.26E SUMATRA
Ibu 01.49N 127.63E HALMAHERA
Popocatepetl 19.02N 098.62W MEXICO
Poas 10.20N 084.23W COSTA RICA
Arenal 10.46N 084.70W COSTA RICA
Fuego 14.47N 090.88W GUATEMALA
Santa Maria 14.76N 091.55W GUATEMALA
Galeras 01.22N 077.37W COLOMBIA
Huila 02.93N 076.03W COLOMBIA
Guagua Pichincha 00.17S 078.60W ECUADOR
Tungurahua 01.47S 078.44W ECUADOR
Ubinas 16.36S 070.90W PERU
Chaiten 42.83S 072.65W CHILE
Llaima 38.69S 071.73W CHILE
Lopevi 16.51S 168.35E S. PACIFIC
Yasur 19.53S 169.44E SO. PACIFIC
Karymsky 54.05N 159.45E KAMCHATKA
Sheveluch 56.65N 161.36E KAMCHATKA
Miyake-Jima 34.08N 139.53E JAPAN
Sakura-Jima 31.59N 130.66E JAPAN
Suwanose-Jima 29.64N 129.72E JAPAN
<not RoF>
Kilauea 19.42N 155.29W HAWAII
Mt. Erebus 77.53S 167.17E ANTARCTICA
Mt. Etna 37.73N 015.00E SICILY
Stromboli 38.79N 015.21E ITALY
Ol Doinyo Lengai 02.76S 035.91E E. AFRICA
Erta Ale 13.60N 040.67E ETHIOPIA
Nyiragongo 01.52S 029.25E C. AFRICA
Azul 00.92S 091.41W GALAPAGOS IS.
[link to www.intlvrc.org]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| lamchop
User ID: 423573
6/4/2008 4:21 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Geogal, the current swarm in Iceland has continued, any comments? |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
6/4/2008 4:34 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Geogal, the current swarm in Iceland has continued, any comments? Quoting: lamchop
Not more than normal. When there's an earthquake of that size, there's pretty much always aftershocks. They tend not to have hit about mw4, so they're keeping smaller. Which is generally considered good. If they were getting much higher in scale then there could be a worse situation being foretold.
[link to www.iris.edu]
Also, for the situation they have there, now vents/fissures opening, it's no real surprise. I admit I haven't been keeping close tabs on it.
The volcanoes may be a worse indicator for UK than for iceland.
"Thousands could be at risk in UK if Iceland volcano erupts
Jan 16 2007 Sam Burson, Western Mail
A WELSH scientist believes up to 100,000 UK residents are at risk of being killed by a noxious gas cloud from an Icelandic volcano.
He is claiming huge numbers of previously little-studied deaths down the centuries can be attributed to periodic gas releases from massive eruptions on the volcanic island."
[link to icwales.icnetwork.co.uk]
So, they're definitely something to watch closely. |
| lamchop
User ID: 423573
6/4/2008 4:39 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
thank you for the links - always look for your post! |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
6/4/2008 4:40 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
[link to news.bbc.co.uk]
Awesome power of Iceland volcano
Nov 4, 2004
A spectacular volcanic eruption under an Iceland glacier has forced airlines to divert flights to avoid flying through gas emissions from the blast.
The volcano first erupted on Monday, sending thick black smoke and ash heading towards continental Europe.
Since then, Grímsvötn volcano has produced a steady stream of ash and lava, with explosions sending ash up to 12,000m (40,000ft) in the air.
It is thought to have been caused by drainage of a lake under the glacier.
As the lake drained, this pressure was released, allowing magma to rise to the surface. It was like lifting the lid off a pressure cooker
Dr Matthew J Roberts, Icelandic Meteorological Office
Officials say people or homes are not at risk from the eruption of Grímsvötn, which is in an unpopulated area of the island.
But ash from the eruption under Vatnajökull glacier - Iceland's biggest - has landed in Norway, Sweden and Finland. The eruption was also violent enough to set off earth tremors.
The ashfall in Iceland has caused some problems for wildlife in the area. Farmers have brought their sheep inside to prevent them from grazing on land covered with shards of abrasive "glass-like" material deposited by the eruption.
Oli Thor Arnarsson, of the Icelandic Meteorological Office, said a change in the wind could send the cloud toward central Europe.
"We are speculating that the eruption should be clear tomorrow. But if there are more eruptions, we may have ash over central Europe," he said.
Cancelled flights
Trans-Atlantic flights had been diverted south of Iceland to avoid the ash cloud, and domestic flights to the northeast of Iceland were cancelled.
Dutch airline KLM said it had cancelled 59 flights, stranding hundreds of passengers at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, because of the cloud of ash hanging above Europe.
How and why volcanoes erupt.
Animated guide
"Because of company rules we can't fly below it and we can't fly above it," said airport spokesman Frank Houben.
In addition to visibility problems, abrasive particles released into the air by the volcano can get inside aircraft engines.
"It's the equivalent of sandblasting an aircraft engine with grit," Dr Matthew J Roberts of the Icelandic Meteorological Office in Reykjavik, Iceland, told the BBC News website.
"As the aeroplane draws in large quantities of air, suspended particles cause abrasion inside the engine that can result in the aircraft stalling."
This happened once in 1989, when a 747 flew through an ash cloud from an eruption of the Redoubt volcano in Alaska, US. The engines stopped, causing the plane to lose several hundred metres in altitude.
Luckily, the pilots managed to restart the engines after several attempts, averting a catastrophe.
Warning issued
Over the last few weeks, increased seismic activity below the Vatnajökull ice cap warned scientists that an eruption was likely.
At 2010GMT on Monday evening, researchers detected a series of tremors from the Grímsvötn volcano beneath Vatnajökull, prompting monitors to issue a public warning.
The earthquakes were followed at 2150GMT by a sequence of volcanic tremors that confirmed an eruption was underway. Shortly after, doppler radar detected the first volcanic plume breaking through the ice.
"The volcano was maintained under pressure by the weight of a lake above it. As the lake drained, this pressure was released, allowing magma to rise to the surface," Dr Roberts explained.
Expansion of a lake may have caused the eruption
"It was like lifting the lid off a pressure cooker."
Grímsvötn last erupted six years ago and before that in 1995 and 1993, causing flooding.
The volcano lies on the Atlantic Rift, the meeting of the Euro and American continental plates.
The three major volcanoes of Iceland - Hekla, Katla and Grímsvötn - lie on the same plate boundary.
During the late 18th Century, continuous volcanic eruptions in Iceland heavily damaged a quarter of the island nation, and blotted out the sun's light for several years. |
| geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
6/4/2008 4:41 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
thank you for the links - always look for your post! Quoting: lamchop
Your welcome. |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
6/5/2008 1:28 AM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
Wednesday, June 4, 2008 08:32 HST (Wednesday, June 4, 2008 18:32 UTC)
KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.42°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Information on the status of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park can be found at [link to www.nps.gov]
Activity Summary for last 24 hours: No significant changes. Kilauea Volcano is active at two locations. At the summit, small amounts of ash and elevated amounts of sulfur dioxide gas continued to erupt from the Halema`uma`u vent. DI tilt event no. 21 for 2008 is completed. At the east rift eruption site, sulfur dioxide gas continued to issue from Pu`u `O`o crater and its new gas vent; lava continued to erupt from the TEB vent area and flow through tubes to the ocean.
Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Molten lava probably exists at shallow depth within the new vent, but cannot yet be seen directly from the surface. The incandescence seen at night is wall rock heated by the radiant molten lava below and the gas rising up through the vent.
This morning, fog intermittently masked views of the white plume (gray or light brown when in shadow) issuing from the Halema`uma`u vent. An unusually small amount of ash was found in collectors beneath the plume this morning, probably the result of weak winds.
The SO2 emission rate remained high and variable; the most recent average measurement was 1,160 tonnes/day in the afternoon and 810 tonnes/day in the morning of June 03 compared to a background rate between 150-200 tonnes/day.
The summit tiltmeter network recorded the completion of a DI tilt event - no. 21 for 2008; the inflation portion started about 2:15 pm yesterday. GPS receivers on opposite sides of the summit caldera continued to record no contraction or extension greater than measurement error since May 18. The average rate of contraction over the three months prior to May 18 was about 1 cm (0.4 inches)/month.
Seismic tremor levels increased slightly in response to the DI tilt event and have returned to pre-DI tilt event values; episodic increases in tremor continued. An average of 20-40 small earthquakes per day continued to be detected by seismometers in the caldera; smaller earthquakes can now be detected due to the lower tremor levels. Of the quakes large enough to be located, six occurred on south flank faults; most were located beneath the Panau section of Holei pali. The largest of these was a magnitude-2.7 that occurred at 4:23 pm yesterday.
Last 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma continued to degas at shallow levels beneath Pu`u `O`o before entering the lava tube system under the TEB vent and the rootless shield complex resulting in the emission at another unusually high rate of 3,080 tonnes/day on June 3 compared to 1,660 tonnes/day on June 2 and a background value closer to 2,000 tonnes/day when measured on May 25 and earlier.
No incandescence was seen in the Pu`u `O`o crater last night; the new vent on the east crater wall continued to jet heated gas and is possibly responsible for the higher SO2 emission rates measured over the past week. The Pu`u `O`o tiltmeter recorded minor oscillations superimposed on a delayed response to the DI tilt event at the summit. GPS receivers recorded continued contraction across the crater at a rate of nearly 2 cm (0.8 in)/month. Seismic tremor levels remained at low values with infrequent low-frequency tremor bursts.
The tube system seems stable and is efficiently transporting lava from the vent to the ocean. One faint spot of incandescence was visible on top of a rootless shield to the southeast of the TEB shield. No other incandescence was seen from rift zone to the top of the pali overnight. No active surface flows were noted on the flow field. CD officials reported an apparent collapse of the western section of the bench; the active entries are now blocked from direct view behind the uncollapsed eastern part of the bench.
[link to volcano.wr.usgs.gov] |
| Wasayo
Astrologer & Psychic
User ID: 446043
6/5/2008 1:44 AM
 | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
 Great thread, Geogal... thank you. Wasayo
"Wealth or poverty depends on the absence or presence of desires, respectively. He who has no desires is rich. He who does not desire anything is sovereign." Maharaj Sawan Singh Ji |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
6/5/2008 10:36 AM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Welcome, Wasayo! Goodmorning!
Great thread, Geogal... thank you. Wasayo |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/5/2008 2:14 PM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Chaitén: images of the active lava dome 5 June 2008
The following picture of Chaitén volcano are published here courtesy Guillermo Villegas of the Chilean Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo (MINVU), Los Lagos Regional Secretariat. It was taken on 31 May 2008 and show activity at the lava dome.
[link to volcanism.wordpress.com]
:chaiten65:
Also, there are more photos of the flooded, half buried town.
[link to volcanism.wordpress.com]
:chaitentow:
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| lamchop
User ID: 423573
6/5/2008 5:54 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Geogal gal, good afternoon, checked Mt. Rainer today, interesting activity since 6/1 any comment or normal? Pulled great reading on Iceland, thank you again for the links. |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
6/5/2008 6:53 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Geogal gal, good afternoon, checked Mt. Rainer today, interesting activity since 6/1 any comment or normal? Pulled great reading on Iceland, thank you again for the links. Quoting: lamchop
Afternoon Lamchop.
Welcome for the Iceland links!
Which site did you find Mt Rainier info Since June 1 on?
Checking the official sites All I found was their weekly update and older earthquakes.
[link to earthquake.usgs.gov]
shows no earthquakes in the area of 46.85lat/121.76long (Mt Rainier coords)
[link to www.ess.washington.edu]
was annoyingly enough updated May 21, and doesn't give much besides, just a few low level earthquakes over a month period.
[link to volcano.wr.usgs.gov]
was also last updated May 30, and stated that the dome had reached a dormant phase of building.
Love to see where you found more recent than that! |
| lamchop
User ID: 423573
6/5/2008 9:00 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Geogal, sorry out at the vegetable co-op. The site I lurk at from time to time is pnsn.org/webicorder. Usual activity is low but not since 6/1 for Mt. Rainer. |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
6/5/2008 10:31 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Geogal, sorry out at the vegetable co-op. The site I lurk at from time to time is pnsn.org/webicorder. Usual activity is low but not since 6/1 for Mt. Rainer. Quoting: lamchop
Yeah... I'd checked that site also... but all I'm finding is a few earthquakes [link to www.pnsn.org]
between 2 and 14 days old near the mountain/volcano
[link to www.pnsn.org]
and this site, linked from the one you left, [link to www.pnsn.org]
is one of the ones I'd checked for finding older earthquakes and the nearly week old report
can you copy/paste exactly what you're finding or put a direct link so I can see exactly what you're asking about?
the time Vs depth plots on earthquakes is interesting.
[link to www.pnsn.org]
but doesn't mean to much about imminent rising magma.
It'd need to be shaking more often and shallowing. It seems the
"Yellow" alert is accurate. meaning, that there are signs of activity and life, but
eruption is not imminent and it's not now considered a danger. |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
6/5/2008 10:36 PM | | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
CASCADES VOLCANO OBSERVATORY WEEKLY UPDATE
Friday, May 30, 2008 10:36 PDT (Friday, May 30, 2008 17:36 UTC)
MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO (CAVW#1201-05-)
46.20°N 122.18°W, Summit Elevation 8363 ft (2549 m)
Volcano Alert Level: ADVISORY
Aviation Color Code: YELLOW
SUMMARY:
The pause in lava dome growth continues, and all our monitoring instruments show trifling or nil volcanic-related activity. This pause, which began in late January 2008, was recognized by absence of measurable growth among successive fixed-camera images, nearly quiescent seismicity, and the absence of tilt signals that might characterize extrusion of lava from the conduit.
We continue to monitor closely for evidence of renewed extrusion or other activity. The new lava dome remains hot in places; thus, it is capable of producing hot avalanches or small steam explosions that could cause hazardous conditions in and around the crater. Sudden melting of snow and ice could send small lahars onto the Pumice Plain and perhaps down the Toutle River as far as the Sediment Retention Structure (SRS). Ash clouds from explosions could affect aircraft.
RECENT OBSERVATIONS:
Today (May 30):
Field crews are at the volcano to make visual observations, to repair time-lapse cameras and retrieve images, and to service other monitoring instruments (seismometers, GPS stations, tiltmeters, acoustic flow monitors). Visual inspection confirms the earlier inference from telemetered monitoring data that the pause in lava extrusion since late January 2008 is continuing. Observers report that the east and west arms of Crater Glacier have come together north of the 1980-1986 lava dome.
In the past week:
Critical monitoring tools (time-lapse camera images, tiltmeters, seismometers) indicate no lava extrusion. Time-lapse camera images show no growth and only minor sagging of the lava dome through May 29. The weather rebuffed efforts at field work earlier this week, although needed field repairs are being undertaken today (Friday, May 30).
In the past month:
The pause continues, judging from the lack of evidence for renewed lava dome extrusion. Time-lapse camera images, precisely registered to monitor topographic changes, show a static dome that sags ever so slightly as it cools, a condition that includes the time period through May 29. Seismicity from local sources has been nil, aside from sparse microearthquakes (magnitudes less than 2) and sporadically heightened glacier-related earthquakes that spark up whenever a few days of warm weather enhances glacial flow. The glaciogenic earthquakes are tracked mostly on station VALT, near the east and west snouts of Crater Glacier, although a few appear on stations SEP and SUG. As evidence of nearly quiescent seismicity, the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network catalog for May shows only 19 earthquakes larger than magnitude 0. The largest were M 1.0 and two of M 1.1, which occurred May 24, 26, and 28, respectively. Borehole tiltmeters near the dome and in the crater breach shared the same broad patterns of ground response, another sign that no untoward deformation is affecting sites near the recently active lava dome. The GPS station at Johnston Ridge showed a small acceleration in April, now thought a response to snow loading the antenna.
In the four months since the pause began in late January 2008:
Instrumentally, the lava dome has been moribund. A GPS spider on the recently active spine has moved south 0.5 m and down about 0.15 m since February 24. We interpret this motion as gentle relaxation as the spine cools. A gas monitoring flight in mid-March reported sulfur dioxide in the range 10-20 tons per day, nearly the lower limit of what can be measured confidently. For comparison, the longest pause in lava extrusion during the previous dome building episode (December 1980 to October 1986) was nearly a year long, from May 1985 to May 1986. That pause was followed by small extrusions in May 1986 and October 1986, when the 1980-1986 dome-building episode ended.
The U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Washington continue to monitor the situation closely and will issue additional updates and changes in alert level as warranted.
For additional information, background, images, and other graphics: [link to vulcan.wr.usgs.gov]
For seismic information: [link to www.pnsn.org]
For a definition of alert levels: [link to vulcan.wr.usgs.gov]
For a webcam view of the volcano: [link to www.fs.fed.us]
Telephone recordings with the latest update on Mount St. Helens and phone contacts for additional information can be heard by calling: (360) 891-5180.
OTHER CASCADE VOLCANOES
All other volcanoes in the Cascade Range are all at normal levels of background seismicity. These include Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, and Mount Adams in Washington State; Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson, Three Sisters, Newberry, and Crater Lake, in Oregon; and Medicine Lake, Mount Shasta, and Lassen Peak in northern California.
USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory, the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network at the University of Washington, and the USGS Northern California Seismic Network and Volcano Hazards Team in Menlo Park, California, monitor the major volcanoes in the Cascade Range of northern California, Oregon, and Washington.
[link to volcano.wr.usgs.gov] |
| Geogal
User ID: 373387 (OP)
6/5/2008 10:40 PM | | Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/6/2008 9:58 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Chaitén update, 6 June 2008
The latest report on activity at Chaitén, dated 5 June 2008, has been published on the SERNAGEOMIN website. Translation as follows:
05.06.2008 SERNAGEOMIN report concerning Chaitén volcano
The explosivity of the volcano has gradually decreased and its discharges of ash have been of lesser intensity, accompanied by abundant emissions of water vapour.
On 3 June SERNAGEOMIN were able to carry out an overflight of the area of Chaiten volcano and observed that the current dome is more voluminous and more extensive than in previous overflights, but has not reached the northern rim of the caldera. Across the northern and north-eastern flanks of the volcano, the native forest has been razed and burned by pyroclastic flows and lateral explosions, across an area of approximately 2,500 ha.
The explosivity of the volcano has gradually decreased and its discharges of ash have been of lesser intensity, accompanied by abundant emissions of water vapour. The eruptive plume observed on 3 and 4 June was deflected towards the south-east with a ceiling of less than 3km above sea level.
Seismic activity has remained stable, with the occurrence of two major groups of VT-type [volcano-tectonic] earthquakes, which were located beneath the volcano and around the caldera. In general terms, during late May and the beginning of June, seismic activity has maintained its gradual diminution, its decline coinciding with a much weaker eruptive column.
[link to volcanism.wordpress.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/6/2008 10:07 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Great! Another "expert" in climate change not paying any attention to the fact the sun is starting a cooling phase. This "expert" also doesn't pay any attention to the fact that once that dust settles from the volcano, the globe goes right back to warming. He's looking for a short term effect for a long term cycle and where we need a goal for reducing pollution, not quick fixes.
An article in the latest Popular Mechanics ponders geoengineering solutions to ‘the potentially devastating consequences of climate change’: specifically, reproducing through artificial means the cooling effects of major volcanic eruptions, such as that of Pinatubo in 1991:
One popular geoengineering scenario is to create an artificial volcano. Thomas Wigley, an expert on climate change based at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., has created computer simulations that replicate the 1991 ‘Mount Pinatubo effect’ — a temporary cooling period created by the launch of 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere.
Wigley proposes mimicking the natural process by injecting sulfur dioxide or hydrogen sulfide into the same region, 60,000 to 70,000 ft. above the earth’s surface. The compound would react to form a cloud of sulfuric acid droplets that would in turn reflect sunlight and cool the globe. Exactly how the material would be delivered isn’t clear—cannons, balloons and high-flying military planes are some ‘highly speculative’ options, he says.
These ideas aren’t ‘popular’ with everyone, however. Alan Robock, a meteorologist at Rutgers University, suggests that such grandiose notions just serve to distract attention from humbler, readily-available but politically difficult remedies: ‘It takes political will to lower carbon dioxide emissions. There are plenty of solutions already available’. Furthermore, Robock points out, artificial volcanoes will be ‘very expensive and locally polluting’.
It’s only a matter of time before someone suggests combating global warming by moving planet Earth ‘a bit further away from the sun’.
[link to www.popularmechanics.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/7/2008 12:22 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
Saturday, June 07, 2008
Soputan Volcano, Indonesia -
Soputan volcano in Indonesia erupted yesterday. At 10 am (local time) on 6th June, pyroclastic flows were recorded extending 4 km from the summit, and ash emissions reached 2 km above the volcano. Since March 2008 there has been an increase in ground temperatures and elevated seismicity at the volcano. During May there were 2 volcanic earthquakes per day. On 6th June there were 6 volcanic earthquakes, and volcanic tremor was recorded. During the rainy season, phreatic eruptions are possible from the hot lava dome. The closest inhabitants are 8 km from the peak. There is a camping ground 3-4 km from the summit which is in the danger zone. The alert status at Soputan volcano was increased to level 3 (out of maximum 4) on 6th June. A 6 km exclusion zone has been placed around the volcano. Climbing the volcano is not permitted, and the camping ground is closed. Residents should be alert for lahars in the rivers such as Ranowangko, Pentu, Lawian, and Popang.
[link to volcanolive.blogspot.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/7/2008 12:25 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
HAWAIIAN VOLCANO OBSERVATORY DAILY UPDATE
Friday, June 6, 2008 07:32 HST (Friday, June 6, 2008 17:32 UTC)
KILAUEA VOLCANO (CAVW#1302-01-)
19.42°N 155.29°W, Summit Elevation 4091 ft (1247 m)
Volcano Alert Level: WATCH
Aviation Color Code: ORANGE
This report on the status of Kilauea volcanic activity, in addition to maps, photos, and webcam images (available using the menu bar above), was prepared by the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). Information on the status of Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park can be found at [link to www.nps.gov]
Activity Summary for last 24 hours: No significant changes. Kilauea Volcano is active at two locations. At the summit, small amounts of ash and elevated amounts of sulfur dioxide gas continued to erupt from the Halema`uma`u vent. At the east rift eruption site, sulfur dioxide gas continued to issue from Pu`u `O`o crater and its new gas vent; lava continued to erupt from the TEB vent area and flow through tubes to the ocean.
Last 24 hours at Kilauea summit: Molten lava probably exists at shallow depth within the new vent, but cannot yet be seen directly from the surface. The incandescence seen at night is wall rock heated by the radiant molten lava below and the gas rising up through the vent.
A white plume (gray or light brown when in shadow) issued from the Halema`uma`u vent and was blown to the southwest. A small amount of ash was found in collectors beneath the plume this morning.
The SO2 emission rate remained high and variable; the most recent average measurement was 940 tonnes/day on June 05 compared to 860 tonnes/day on June 04 and a background rate between 150-200 tonnes/day.
The summit tiltmeter network recorded minor oscillations over a longer term trend of weak deflation. GPS receivers on opposite sides of the summit caldera continued to record stable positions resulting in no contraction or extension of the caldera greater than measurement error since May 18. The average rate of contraction over the three months prior to May 18 was about 1 cm (0.4 inches)/month.
Seismic tremor levels continued at elevated values; episodic increases in tremor continued. An average of 10-20 small earthquakes per day continued to be detected by seismometers in the caldera; smaller earthquakes can now be detected due to the lower tremor levels. Of the quakes large enough to be located, both were located on south flank faults.
Last 24 hours at the middle east rift zone vents and flow field: Magma continued to degas at shallow levels beneath Pu`u `O`o before entering the lava tube system under the TEB vent and the rootless shield complex resulting in the emission of 1,890 tonnes/day on June 05 compared to 3,080 tonnes/day on June 03 and a background value closer to 2,000 tonnes/day when measured on May 25 and earlier.
No incandescence was seen in the Pu`u `O`o crater last night; the new vent on the east crater wall continued to jet heated gas and is possibly responsible for the higher SO2 emission rates measured over the past few days. The Pu`u `O`o tiltmeter recorded minor oscillations. GPS receivers recorded continued contraction across the crater at a rate of nearly 2 cm (0.8 in)/month. Seismic tremor levels remained at low values with infrequent low-frequency tremor bursts.
The tube system seems stable and is efficiently transporting lava from the vent to the ocean. No incandescence was observed from the vent area to the top of the pali.
[link to volcano.wr.usgs.gov]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| Geogal
Hu ka pele, lava pour forth
User ID: 373387
6/7/2008 12:32 AM
| | Re: Volcano update November 19, see pg 32 | Quote |
A few reports this morning that Mt. Soputan, on the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia, is currently erupting. The reports indicate that there has been a lot of seismic activity and some ash emitted from the volcano. As with many volcanoes in the densely populated nation of Indonesia, there are people living on the slopes of Mt. Soputan and the authorities are preparing to evacuate them, if necessary. The last eruption at Soputan was way back in … 2007 (see photo above), so it seems like the volcano is another one of many active Indonesian volcanoes.
[link to eruptions.wordpress.com]
:soputan:
Eruption at Soputan, Indonesia 6 June 2008
Reports from Indonesia today say that Soputan on Sulawesi Island, which is among Indonesia’s most active volcanoes, is currently erupting. ABC News (Australia) quotes an Indonesian volcanologist as saying that the volcano is ’sending heat clouds as far as four kilometres and throwing ash two kilometres into the air’. In Indonesia, ‘heat clouds’ generally means pyroclastic flows. There is as yet no order to evacuate but the authorities are maintaining a high alert and have imposed a 6km exclusion zone.
[link to volcanism.wordpress.com]
Woman of white garment, foreign woman, earth-eating woman, taking and giving life, she is Pele
"ONCE IN HIS LIFE, EVERY MAN IS ENTITLED TO FALL MADLY IN LOVE WITH A GORGEOUS REDHEAD" - LUCILLE BALL |
| | Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 | |
|
