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Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports

 
Thoughts Faux Fodder
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Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports
[link to www.upi.com]

The world's next resource conflict.

Published: Feb. 22, 2010 at 4:05 PM
By STEFAN NICOLA, UPI Europe Correspondent

The next resource conflict could be about minerals and rare earth elements needed to fuel the green economy, as China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports.

There is great hope for a green boom to transform the CO2-heavy world economy into one that is less dependent on fossil fuels and more sustainable. Experts envision solar panels and wind turbines to produce clean power and heat and electric cars to cruise tomorrow's roads.

The problem with these technologies is that they rely on minerals and rare earth elements, or REEs, which are produced by politically unpredictable countries, including China.


The market for REEs -- needed for hybrid cars, wind turbines, solar panels and defense industry products such as missiles and radar systems -- has tripled in size over the past decade. Experts say the market will further grow, from 125,000 tons produced per year today to 200,000 tons in 2014.

When it comes to REEs, China is the new kid on the block. In charge of more than half the global reservoirs, China supplies around 95 percent of the world's REEs.

This worries experts: A single mine in Mongolia accounts for 80 percent of China's production, so an earthquake or a flood in that region could severely disrupt global supplies.

And don't forget a political earthquake. Recently, Beijing indicated it plans to reduce exports of its minerals in a bid to save supplies for domestic use.


China has a quickly growing green technology industry and its solar panels and wind turbines are already competing with products from Europe and the United States, so they increasingly need the REEs themselves.

The situation is similarly dire for lithium, which forms the basis of the batteries intended to power the electric car boom. According to the Hyundai Research Institute, 80 percent of the world's lithium reserves are buried under just three countries.


Gal Luft, the executive director of Washington's Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, said politicians in the United States and Europe need to diversify mineral imports and make sure that lithium and REEs are recycled and stockpiled.

"If ignored, this issue could lead to significant energy security problems down the road," he told United Press International in a telephone interview Monday.

Most of the lithium is mined in Chile, Argentina and China and sold by only a handful of companies. Bolivia, led by the Anti-American President Evo Morales, recently discovered that one of its decommissioned salt mines harbored giant reserves of lithium and is using this find to attract huge foreign investments. South Korea has already bought into the mine, and China, France and Japan are trying to grab a piece of the pie.

The United States used to produce its own lithium and REEs, but most of the domestic mines have closed because mines in Latin America and China are able to operate much cheaper.

Luft said Washington needed to provide incentives for the mines to start digging again.

"When you factor in energy security, it's clear that you have to accept a premium to become more resource independent," he said. When it comes to REEs, it's key to increase output of the right kind, Luft said.

A boom element is neodymium, of which between 1 ton and 2 tons are included in a large-size wind turbine.

The global production stands at 17,000 tons per year, and many other industries also use neodymium -- so it's clear that much more of the element is needed in the future.

"It's a crucial and urgent issue, and politicians need to act quickly," Luft said. "Because it will take 10 years with for project to get the material out of the ground and into the market."

Last Edited by Thoughts Faux Fodder on 02/23/2010 01:08 AM
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Thoughts Faux Fodder  (OP)

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02/23/2010 12:25 PM
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Re: Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports
oldmanbump
Hope is the thing with feathers
That perches in the soul,
And sings the tune--without the words,
And never stops at all....
Emily Dickinson
primal sympathy

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08/25/2010 02:17 AM
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Re: Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports
a rare check by me for previous relevant threads has got me choosing this one..

I agree, China is capturing the Rare Earth market...they are badgering Australia and investing in our few Rare Earth miners.

What else can Rare Earth minerals be used in besides clean energy technologies?

[link to www.theage.com.au]

primal sympathy

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08/25/2010 08:13 PM
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Re: Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports
bump
somedude1

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08/25/2010 08:31 PM
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Re: Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports
great post...a breath of fresh air ...with all the sad hate posts out there.
Wars are generally about resources....gold, oil...even salt.
very good post.
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08/25/2010 08:55 PM
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Re: Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports
I agree. Great thread.
primal sympathy

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08/26/2010 02:24 AM
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Re: Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports
Yes I think this is so singificant but doesen't seem to get much MSM attention, why is that? Some Rare Earth minerals prices have doubled in the last month . . .


23 August 2010 RARE EARTHS PRICES UPDATE Lynas Corporation Limited (ASX:LYC, OTC:LYSDY) provides the following update on international Rare Earths prices. As stated in the Lynas Quarterly Report for the period ending 30 June 2010, the Mount Weld Composition price as at 26 July 2010 was US$21.43/kg. International Rare Earths prices continue to experience significant change. The table below shows that the Mount Weld Composition price as at 23 August 2010 for “standard” 99% purity products was US$43.28, a rise of approximately 102% over the past month. Average prices over different periods are also shown in the table below. The prices are quoted in US$/kg on an FOB China basis.

I wotn include the table because the formatting is out, and you get the picture.
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09/30/2010 07:34 PM
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Re: Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports
You Don't Bring a Praseodymium Knife to a Gunfight.

China thinks it can withhold its exports of obscure but important minerals to get its way with its neighbors.
BY TIM WORSTALL | FOREIGN POLICY / SEPTEMBER 29, 2010.

(Tim Worstall is a fellow at the Adam Smith Institute in London and a wholesaler and trader in rare-earth minerals, specializing in scandium, of which he handles about 50 percent of the world's consumption)

Last week, the New York Times published a stunning story: China, amid a nasty territorial spat with Japan, had quietly halted shipments of rare-earth minerals to its East Asian neighbor, threatening to escalate a skirmish into a full-blown trade war. China swiftly denied the story, while other journalists rushed to confirm it. The Times reported on Sept. 28 that China, while still not admitting the existence of the ban, may be tacitly lifting it -- but the damage to the country's image as a reliable supplier has been done.......(continued)

If rare earths are so precious, why isn't the United States working harder to collect them? The main reason is that, for these last 25 years, China has been supplying all we could eat at prices we were more than happy to pay. If Beijing wants to raise its prices and start using supplies as geopolitical bargaining chips, so what? The rest of the world will simply roll up its sleeves and ramp up production, and the monopoly will be broken.

But, of course, it's not that easy. Rare earths aren't found in nature as separate elements; they need to be extracted from each other, a process that involves thousands (really, thousands) of iterations of boiling the ores in strong acids. There is also almost always thorium, a lightly radioactive metal, in the same ores, and it has to be disposed of. (Thorium leaking into the California desert was a more serious problem at Mountain Pass than low prices.) So ramping up production would mean that Western countries would need to tolerate a level of pollution they've been all too happy to outsource to China.

(continued)

[link to www.foreignpolicy.com]
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10/01/2010 03:37 PM
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Re: Could the world's next resource conflict be over rare earth elements? China, which supplies most of the minerals, is considering limiting exports
MSM wont talk about it until the first troop gets killed over it! Media is worthless!!!!





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