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Lets Talk - Biological Warfare...
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----------Common use of Bio-Weapons and Bio-Warfare...---------------
We get our English word for poison or toxin form the Greek word toxikon, which in turn is derived from the Greek word for arrow, toxon.
Herodotus, a Greek historian of the fifth century B.C.E. describes the Scythians archers of the Black Sea as employing poison-tipped arrows. According to Herodotus, Scythians used the decomposed bodies of several venomous adders indigenous to their region, mixed human blood and dung into sealed vessels and buried this mixture until it was sufficiently putrefied.
Bio Warfare - is the use of biological pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and toxins derived from living organisms to kill or incapacitate one's enemies.
The intentional use of Bio-Warfare has been around for centuries.
Poisoned, or infected Wells, Ponds, or Water supplies, Food, and other common necessities was the most common method.
Enemy ships within range, earthen jars with snakes were catapulted at the enemy vessels where they broke discharging their terrifying occupants among the enemy sailors.
Earthen Jars with stinging Hornets, Wasps, Bees.
Catapulting bodies of plague victims over the walls of a fortress under siege in an attempt to initiate an epidemic upon the residents.
The first recoded "weaponized" biological agent in North America occurred during the French and Indian Wars (1754 to 1767). The agent was smallpox. The method of delivery was blankets.
"fomite," an inanimate object capable of naturally containing or transporting an infectious agent. Blankets and a handkerchief laden with the pus or dried scabs from the smallpox sores of the infected.
The use of fomites to transmit disease is inefficient compared to respirable aerosolized particles. Effective deployment of Bio-Weapons is when they are sprayed, and inhaled, or ingested.
Covert bacteria warfare was attempted in the United States with the contamination of animal feed and infection of horses intended for export.
Probably, the most extensive and most horrorific biological weapons research and deployment occurred in Manchuria from 1932 until the end of the war.20 This program, innocuously entitled as Unit 731 was located in Pingfan Manchuria.
Experimentation included Shigella (bacterial dysentery*), Vibrio cholerae (cholera) and Yersinia pestis (the bubonic plague) was part of the Unit 731 program.
Eleven Chinese cities were attacked with biological agents. These attacks ranged from water supply contamination to food contamination with cholera, anthrax, Salmonella and the plague. Cultures of these agents were sprayed from aircraft.
In one experiment, Plague infected rats were fed upon by laboratory bred fleas. they collected the now infected fleas, containerized them and released them over Chinese cities from low flying aircraft. It was reported that up to 15 million fleas were released in each attack.
In a highly classified program bacterium such as Serratia macescens and Bacillus subtilis (the classic college microbiology lab bacteria) were sprayed in US cities. The program was shut down in 1969.
In the San Francisco experiment with Serratia marcescens 5,000 particles per minute were sprayed from the coast inward. One man died and ten others were hospitalized by an infection that was never followed up. Declassified information indicates that during the test there was five to ten times the normal infection rate in San Francisco areas that were sprayed.
In 1966, Bacillus subtilis was released into the subways. The results of this experiment showed that the release of an organism in just one station would infect the entire underground subway system due to winds and vacuum created by the passing subway trains.
Read More...
[link to c.aarc.org (secure)]
[link to www.pbs.org]
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