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Message Subject *** Fukushima *** and other nuclear-----updates and links
Poster Handle Anonymous Coward
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ISIS Report 11/06/12
Fukushima Fallout Rivals Chernobyl
[link to www.i-sis.org.uk]

[snip]

The results obtained for the total release of Xe-133 was 15.3 EBq (uncertainty range 12.2-18.3, EBq – 1018 Bq), more than 2 x total release from Chernobyl (Chernobyl total was 5.2 EBq) and “likely the largest radioactive noble gas release in history”. This took place between 11 and 15 March 2011. In fact, the release is greater than the entire estimated Xe-133 inventory of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant, and is explained by the decay of I-133 (half-life 20.8h) into Xe-133. There is strong evidence that Xe-133 release started before the first active venting was made, possibly from structural damage to reactor components and/or leaks due to excessive pressure inside the reactor.

For Cs-137, the inversion modelling results gave a total emission of 36.6 PBq (20.1-53.2, PBq = 1015 Bq); 70 % more than first guess, and about 43 % of estimated Chernobyl emission. The results showed that Cs-137 emission peaked on 14-15 March but were generally high from 12 until 19 March, when they suddenly dropped by orders of magnitude at the time when spraying of water on the spent-fuel pool of unit 4 started. This indicates the emission may not have originated only from the damaged reactor cores, but also from the spent fuel pool of unit 4.

- Radioactive clouds reached North America on 15 March and Europe on 22 March. By mid-April, Xe-133 was fairly uniformly distributed in the mid-latitudes of the entire Northern Hemisphere and was for the first time also measured in the Southern Hemisphere (Darwin Station, Australia). In general, simulated and observed concentrations of Xe-133 and Cs-137 both at Japanese as well as distant sites were in good quantitative agreement.

- On 14 March, a cyclone developed over southern Japan, and this coincided with a period of very high emissions from ventings and explosions of unit 2, unit 3 and in the spent-fuel pool of unit 4. (Details of the release events are given in an Appendix of the paper [4].)

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