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*** Fukushima *** and other nuclear-----updates and links

 
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 32441628
Sweden
03/01/2013 11:43 AM
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After Fukushima, Tasks Remain for the American Nuclear Industry

Among the safety proposals being discussed are hardened vents in older reactors and filters to trap radioactive particles.

In response to the nuclear accident at Fukushima, the N.R.C. ordered installation of “reliable hardened vents” on older G.E.-designed boiling water reactors.

Of 31 reactors, 23 already have “hardened vents” and eight have no vents at all; even reactors with vents will need work on the valves to assure they are operable without electricity, which was a problem at Fukushima.
[link to www.nytimes.com]
.
Anonymous Coward
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03/01/2013 11:45 AM
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NRG sees South Texas 2 power reactor back in early May

U.S. power company NRG Energy Inc said Wednesday the 1,280-megawatt (MW) Unit 2 at the South Texas nuclear power plant in Texas will likely return to service in early May.

The unit shut in January following a fire that damaged the transformer, company executives said on a conference call after the release of the company's fourth-quarter earnings.
[link to www.nucpros.com]
.
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/01/2013 01:41 PM
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Lots of information here. Thanks waterbug.
 Quoting: Doomy Double E


Yes, thanks bug, Sweden, SO... Much appreciated.

Does anyone know where I can get all info for fish testing in fuku? I found a few results, but I really would like to put all tests together to see when the rise happens. Sweden posted mist recent tested earlier on the drastic I crease, which is astounding. Thanks!
 Quoting: Fishy


Here's something.. from January 23.

[link to www.simplyinfo.org]

link to tepco report:

[link to www.tepco.co.jp]
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/01/2013 01:45 PM
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Jan. 21

Fish caught near crippled Japanese N-plant with 2,500 times the legal limit of radioactivity for human consumption
[link to www.dailymail.co.uk]

[snip]

A fish caught close the the Fukushima nuclear plant is over 2,500 times the legal safe radiation limit for seafood, the plant's operator has revealed.

The company Tokyo Electric Power (Tepco) caught the fish, dubbed 'Mike the Murasai' online, in the bay close to the Fukukshima Daiichi main reactor.

It was confirmed by Tepco to have amounts of radioactive cesium equal to 254,000 becquerels per kilogram, or 2540 times the limit of 100 becquerels/kg set for seafood by the government.
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/01/2013 01:48 PM
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This is the tepco report from Feb. 28.



Nuclide Analysis Results of Fish and Shellfish
(The Ocean Area Within 20km Radius of Fukushima Daiichi NPS)
[link to www.tepco.co.jp]
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/01/2013 02:33 PM
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ohno



[link to en.wikipedia.org]
Water bugs, common food for freshwater fish,
also showed high levels of 330 to 670 becquerels
per kilogram. Marine fish was found less contaminated
and showed levels between 2.15 to 260 Bq/kg. Marine
fish might be more capable of excreting cesium from
their bodies, because saltwater fish have the ability
to excrete salt. The Japanese Ministry of the Environment would
closely monitor freshwater fish as radioactive
cesium might remain for much longer periods in their bodies.
According to Japanese regulations, food is considered safe for consumption up to a maximum of 100 Bq/kg
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/01/2013 03:37 PM
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“Shameless”: New World Health Organization report shockingly downplays health risks after Fukushima — “WHO and other organisations must stop hiding the impact”
[link to enenews.com]

[snip]

The WHO report and its PR spin shockingly downplay the likelihood that thousands of people are at risk of cancer from the Fukushima disaster. They hide the cancer impacts by emphasising small percentage increases in cancers. Those small percentages actually translate into thousands of people being at risk.

“The WHO’s flawed report leaves its job half done,” said Teule. “The WHO and other organisations must stop downplaying and hiding the impact of the Fukushima disaster and call for more emphasis on protecting the millions of people still living in contaminated areas.”

The WHO only releases reports on the impact of radiation releases on a population with the approval of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/01/2013 03:51 PM
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[link to www.youtube.com]


[link to en.wikipedia.org]
Jeremy Rifkin
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 35377991
Germany
03/01/2013 04:56 PM
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Lots of information here. Thanks waterbug.
 Quoting: Doomy Double E


Yes, thanks bug, Sweden, SO... Much appreciated.

Does anyone know where I can get all info for fish testing in fuku? I found a few results, but I really would like to put all tests together to see when the rise happens. Sweden posted mist recent tested earlier on the drastic I crease, which is astounding. Thanks!
 Quoting: Fishy


There are a few independent Sites whith information about all the Stuff like Vegetables & Fish, Milk- % Meatproducts,
many of this sites are in Japanese only and you need to use a Translation Service,
there is the official Site from the Government in English!
[link to radioactivity.mext.go.jp]
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/01/2013 05:30 PM
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Acknowledgement of the problem with the Mark I/II reactor vessels being too small to contain a LOC event.




Lobbying Flurry Precedes U.S. Vote on Fukushima Rules
[link to www.bloomberg.com]

[snip]

A proposed requirement that U.S. nuclear-power plants add $20 million devices to prevent radiation leaks, one of the costliest recommendations stemming from meltdowns in Japan two years ago, has attracted a flurry of last-minute lobbying.

The U.S. nuclear industry opposes the rule, which would require almost a third of the nation’s reactors to install a special filter on vents designed to prevent an explosive buildup of gases. Exelon Corp. (EXC), which owns more U.S. reactors than any other company, estimates each filter would cost $20 million, meaning the Chicago-based company could end up paying $220 million to equip its units.

The proposed changes would affect so-called Mark I and Mark II containments that house boiling-water reactors. These General Electric Co (GE).-designed structures, similar to those that were destroyed by a tsunami at Fukushima, are smaller than those at newer reactors that can handle a greater buildup of pressure.

The filters are built to capture radioactive materials before they are released into the atmosphere during an emergency. They are installed on vents that resemble smokestacks and can be opened to release hydrogen, which under pressure can cause explosions.

In Germany, such filters are installed already at venting systems in all of the country’s nine operating nuclear reactors,
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/01/2013 05:32 PM
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Record cesium level found in Fukushima fish
[link to ajw.asahi.com]

[snip]

A record concentration of radioactive cesium--5,100 times the government's food safety standard--was detected in a fish caught near the crippled Fukushima No. 1 nuclear plant, the plant’s operator said Feb. 28.

Tokyo Electric Power Co. said the reading of 510,000 becquerels per kilogram in the greenling is the highest ever recorded in the utility’s seafood sampling surveys following the March 2011 disaster at the nuclear plant.
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/01/2013 05:44 PM
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Japan to Begin Restarting Idled Nuclear Plants, Leader Says
[link to www.nytimes.com]

[snip]

TOKYO — Japan will begin restarting its idled nuclear plants after new safety guidelines are in place later this year, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said Thursday, moving to ensure a stable energy supply despite public safety concerns after the Fukushima disaster.

In a speech to Parliament, Mr. Abe pledged to restart nuclear plants that pass the tougher guidelines, which are expected to be adopted by a new independent watchdog agency, the Nuclear Regulation Authority, as early as July. He did not specify when any of the reactors might resume operation, and news reports have suggested that it might take months or even years to make the expensive upgrades needed to meet the new safety standards.

Still, by making the promise in front of the Diet, Mr. Abe indicated in the strongest way yet that he planned to move ahead with a campaign pledge to reverse his predecessor’s hopes that Japan would begin weaning itself off nuclear energy.
Citizenperth

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Australia
03/01/2013 08:52 PM
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“Shameless”: New World Health Organization report shockingly downplays health risks after Fukushima — “WHO and other organisations must stop hiding the impact”
[link to enenews.com]

[snip]

The WHO report and its PR spin shockingly downplay the likelihood that thousands of people are at risk of cancer from the Fukushima disaster. They hide the cancer impacts by emphasising small percentage increases in cancers. Those small percentages actually translate into thousands of people being at risk.

“The WHO’s flawed report leaves its job half done,” said Teule. “The WHO and other organisations must stop downplaying and hiding the impact of the Fukushima disaster and call for more emphasis on protecting the millions of people still living in contaminated areas.”

The WHO only releases reports on the impact of radiation releases on a population with the approval of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
 Quoting: Waterbug


and curiously, Japan slams the underplayed WHO reports...

[link to fukushimaemergencywhatcanwedo.blogspot.com.au]
It's life as we know it, but only just.
[link to citizenperth.wordpress.com]
sic ut vos es vos should exsisto , denego alius vicis facio vos change , exsisto youself , proprie
RadChick
User ID: 15435455
United States
03/01/2013 11:32 PM
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If you guys havent seen this yet it is really exceptional...



One of the most important films of our time will premiere March 11th...tickets MUST be sold by March 4th...please help SPREAD THE WORD by liking, remixing, and sharing on your channel, and posting on social media.

Film premiere is planned for the following cities: Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, San Diego, Seattle, Portland, & Laguna Niguel

However, tickets are available online only by advance purchase until 3.4.13 and if a minimum of 50 seats are not sold, the movie will NOT be shown.

Buy tickets at this link: [link to us6.campaign-archive2.com]

The screening will benefit the
Save Minami-Soma Project, providing clean water and food to Japanese citizens still living in radioactive waste. A portion of the ticket sales will be donated and generated by your participation. This is an opportunity to raise awareness of the clean-up effort, including worldwide radioactive contamination through open-air burning policies and 200,000+ tons of highly radioactive water dumped into the Pacific Ocean.

Website: [link to survivingjapanmovie.com]

Please help us promote this film about the Fukushima disaster.

Audio clip used with permission from director/producer Christopher Noland
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 15435455
United States
03/01/2013 11:33 PM
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Interview with the director:



hf
RadChick
User ID: 15435455
United States
03/01/2013 11:34 PM
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I think I'll post these with their own thread ^^
Citizenperth

User ID: 35410550
Australia
03/02/2013 12:15 AM
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Interview with the director:



hf
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 15435455


nicework... and good shit radchick... :) i've shared both myself... shame he's not coming downunder :(

Iiori is considering it.....

Last Edited by CitizenPerth™ on 03/02/2013 12:16 AM
It's life as we know it, but only just.
[link to citizenperth.wordpress.com]
sic ut vos es vos should exsisto , denego alius vicis facio vos change , exsisto youself , proprie
Citizenperth

User ID: 35410550
Australia
03/02/2013 02:08 AM
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Holy shit... more compiled from Troy Livinston from Enenews on Hawaii hit HARD..... (again hidden in FB) permission to publish outside of FB....

[link to fukushimaemergencywhatcanwedo.blogspot.com.au]

Last Edited by CitizenPerth™ on 03/02/2013 02:11 AM
It's life as we know it, but only just.
[link to citizenperth.wordpress.com]
sic ut vos es vos should exsisto , denego alius vicis facio vos change , exsisto youself , proprie
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 32441628
Sweden
03/02/2013 08:27 AM
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Another one about the WHO report...

Japan riled by WHO's Fukushima cancer warning

TOKYO — Japan on Friday insisted warnings by the World Health Organization of a rise in the risk of cancer for people in Fukushima were overblown, saying the agency was unnecessarily stoking fears.

The U.N.‘s health agency said the 2011 nuclear disaster had raised the cancer threat for people living near the crippled plant, which spewed radiation when reactors went into meltdown after a huge tsunami struck.

But Japan’s environment ministry said the WHO had overstated the risks and called on people living in the area to respond calmly to the report, which it said did not reflect “reality”.
[link to www.japantoday.com]
.
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 32441628
Sweden
03/02/2013 08:28 AM
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Collective exposure dose still remains high at Fukushima Daiichi

The collective exposure dose of workers at the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant during a one-year period from last March was four times higher than the predisaster level, a tally by Tokyo Electric Power Co. showed Saturday.
[link to english.kyodonews.jp]
.
Anonymous Coward
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Sweden
03/02/2013 08:28 AM
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Activists hope to maintain momentum of antinuclear protests

"Get rid of nuclear power plants!" "Don't restart them!" Protesters shouted out such slogans through numerous speakers on a chilly February evening just outside the Japanese prime minister's office in Tokyo where about 3,000 people gathered to oppose nuclear power.

Two years after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the weekly protests exhibit vigor equaling levels seen at their peak although they have become smaller in scope, as the Liberal Democratic Party -- the very promoter of nuclear energy over the past half-century -- returned to power late last year.
[link to english.kyodonews.jp]
.
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 32441628
Sweden
03/02/2013 12:00 PM
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Scary sh!t...

Power plant workers die in separate incidents

At least seven power plant workers died in separate incidents in France and the Philippines in the last 24 hours.

Two workers were killed at the Cattenom nuclear power plant in Moselle, France, while five people were confirmed dead at the Leyte geothermal power plant in the Philippines.

Six more are missing due to the Filipino incident after a rain-triggered landslide hit the Lopez Group-owned 700 MW Upper Mahiao Geothermal Project today.

Of the 43 employees at the site, 32 have been safely accounted for, 8 are in the hospital for treatment of injuries, such as fractures and difficulty of breathing due to inhaled sulphuric fumes.
[link to www.powerengineeringint.com]
.
Citizenperth

User ID: 35410550
Australia
03/02/2013 12:13 PM
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Activists hope to maintain momentum of antinuclear protests

"Get rid of nuclear power plants!" "Don't restart them!" Protesters shouted out such slogans through numerous speakers on a chilly February evening just outside the Japanese prime minister's office in Tokyo where about 3,000 people gathered to oppose nuclear power.

Two years after the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the weekly protests exhibit vigor equaling levels seen at their peak although they have become smaller in scope, as the Liberal Democratic Party -- the very promoter of nuclear energy over the past half-century -- returned to power late last year.
[link to english.kyodonews.jp]
.
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 32441628


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^​^^^
It's life as we know it, but only just.
[link to citizenperth.wordpress.com]
sic ut vos es vos should exsisto , denego alius vicis facio vos change , exsisto youself , proprie
Waterbug  (OP)

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United States
03/02/2013 03:01 PM
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The nuclear-meltdown threat in the States
[link to www.aspentimes.com]

[snip]

San Onofre has the worst safety record of any nuclear power plant in the U.S., and recently there were acts of sabotage (workers poured antifreeze into the crankcase of the emergency power generators). It is extremely vulnerable to terrorist attack, partly because of the thousands of tons of highly radioactive waste stored in temporary caskets and open pools outside of the containment domes. In the event of a meltdown, this waste has the radioactive equivalent of a thousand Hiroshima bombs.

Low-level radioactive releases are also an issue. San Onofre regularly discharges (without announcement) such radioactivity into the atmosphere and dumps it into the Pacific Ocean. The National Academy of Sciences has just started a 2 years epidemiological study to see if there are cancer streaks among populations living near nuclear reactors. San Onofre was one of six nuclear power plants chosen for this study. In Europe, studies found that children living near nuclear power plants have twice the incidence of leukemia.

A nuclear meltdown at San Onofre could destroy the future of southern California and contaminate much of the southwest including Colorado. Some want to take the risk so there is plenty of power, but California got along just fine for the last 15 months without San Onofre. The fact is that nuclear power is expensive, dangerous, unreliable, and environmentally unfriendly. The only safety for everyone in the West is to make sure that this plant never opens again.

Roger Johnson

Professor Emeritus

San Clemente, Calif.
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 27477546
United Kingdom
03/02/2013 03:32 PM
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fukushima radioactive contamination symptoms research
the research and collection of data due to fukushima nuclear accident. our website is not just for those affected by fukushima but also for anyone in the world that might have been affected by radiation. our hope is to improve the situation for those who might be affected by radioactive contamination anywhere in the world.
[link to sos311karte.blogspot.ca]

rp
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 27477546
United Kingdom
03/02/2013 03:39 PM
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Russia announces enormous finds of radioactive waste and nuclear reactors in Arctic seas

[link to www.bellona.org]

wtf... taken off fb-

Seals have been found dead with radiation symptoms in the pacific!!! 75 % of the seal population has died off since Fukushima started. Since 2011 seals were being found like this
[link to www.facebook.com (secure)]

since dec 2011 polar bears were being found dead with radiation symptoms like the seals, bald patches, bleeding ulcers, bleeding eyes and noise.
[link to www.facebook.com (secure)]

Hawaii north reef turtles fish and the reef dying since Fukushima.
[link to www.facebook.com (secure)]

what frog boiling "slowly"?
rp
Anonymous Coward
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03/02/2013 03:44 PM
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Testimony of an Evacuee from Fukushima (filmed 23rd feb '13)
[link to www.youtube.com]
Anonymous Coward
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United Kingdom
03/02/2013 04:24 PM
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Marijuana and Radiation Protection
[link to www.naturalnews.com]
National Cancer Institute
Cannabis and Cannabinoids
[link to www.cancer.gov]
melanoma treated with cannibis oil
[link to fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net (secure)]
Waterbug  (OP)

User ID: 34388912
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03/02/2013 05:56 PM
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Concerning the vulnerability of GE Mark I/II reactors to LOCA and over-pressure.


Memo from Dr. Stephen Hanauer to O’Leary, Kruesi, Rogers, US AEC, September 20, 1972

[link to www.beyondnuclear.org]

[snip]

Since the pressure-suppression contaiments are smaller than conventional
"b"containments, the same amount of hydrogen, formed i n a postulated
accident, would constitute a higher voluine or weight percentage of the
containment atmosphere.
Therefore, such hydrogen generation tends to be
8 more serious problem in pressure-suppression containments.
The small
G"c designs (both the light-bulb-and-doughnut and the over-under configurations)
have to be inverted because the hydrogen assumed (per Safety Guide 7)
would immediately form an explosive mixture.
The GE Mod 3 and the Westinghouse
ice condenser designs (they have equal volumes) require high-flow
circulation and mixing systems to ensure even d i l u t i o n of the hydrogen to
avoid flowable mixtures in one or' more compartments (see following for an
additional serious disadvantage of ' t h i s needed r e c i r c u l a t i o n and i t s valves) a
By contrast, the dry containments only require recombination o r purging
s t a r t i n g weeks a f t e r the accident.

A11 pressure-suppression containments are divided i n t o two (or more) major
volumes, the steam flowing from one to the other through the condensing
water or ice,
Any steam that flows from one of these volumes to the other
without being condensed is a potential source of unsuppressed pressure.
Neither the strength nor the leakage r a t e of t h e d i v i d e r (between the
volumesJ is tested in the currently approved programs f o r i n i t i a l or periodic
inservice testing.
Some e f f o r t is now underway t o devise a leakage
test, but none has so f a r been accomplished,
Because of l i n i 6 d strength againsr collapse, the "receiving" volume tias
to be provided with vacuum r e l i e f , In a l l designs except GE Mod 111, t h i s
function i s p~, s f ome db y a group of valves ,

Such a valve s t u c k open is a
large bypass of the condensation scheme; the amount of steam that thus
escapes condensation can overpressurize the containment,
Waterbug  (OP)

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03/02/2013 06:48 PM
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[link to www.nrc.gov]

[snip]


AN EPIDEMIC OF RADIOACTIVE LEAKS

Appendix A of this report documents that since 1963 more than 102 reactor units have leaked radioactive contamination in recurring events into highly mobile groundwater that carried radioactive tritium farther and deeper into underground water resources.
Under current lax federal oversight and regulation, many more aging nuclear power plants will likely experience new and possibly larger leaks.

From March 1, 2009 to April 15, 2010 there were 15 radioactive leaks to groundwater from 13 different US nuclear power plants.

On April 6, 2010, the Public Service Electric & Gas management was notified that its Salem nuclear power plant on Artificial Island in New Jersey tested positive for tritium contamination in a storm drain system that was confirmed at about 1 million picocuries per liter.

On April 6, 2010, Tennessee Valley Authority’s Browns Ferry nuclear power station in Alabama spilled 1,000 gallons of tritiated water (2,050,000 picocuries per liter) during a transfer operation from one tank to another when plant personnel were unable to close an open test valve for nearly two hours.

Uncontrolled and unmonitored radioactive leaks from nuclear power plants in the United States are now ubiquitous.
On February 9, 2010, Duke Energy’s Oconee nuclear power station in South Carolina tested positive for tritium in two new groundwater test wells onsite at 24,400 picocuries per liter and 35,400 picocuries per liter.

On January 10, 2010, Progress Energy’s Shearon Harris nuclear power station in North Carolina discovered a leak in an eight-inch diameter underground fiberglass pipe of approximately 1,000 gallons of tritiated water at 5,590 picocuries per liter that had saturated soil.

On January 6, 2010, Entergy’s Vermont Yankee nuclear power station in Vernon, Vermont, was notified that a 2009 fourth quarter groundwater sample from an onsite test well was positive for tritium with readings which would range between 7,000 picocuries per liter and 2.7 million picocuries per liter from buried pipes that Entergy officials had denied existed while under oath to state regulators.

On December 28, 2009, Entergy’s Fitzpatrick nuclear power station in Oswego, New York, was notified that the west storm drain tested positive for tritium at 938 picocuries per liter.
Entergy further disclosed that on November 3, 2009, the reactor building perimeter sump, which communicates with the west storm drain, had tested positive for tritium at 1,474 picocuries per
liter but had not been previously reported because there was no evidence of tritium in the storm drain or groundwater test well at the time.

On November 19, 2009, Constellation Energy’s Ginna nuclear power plant in Ontario, New York, notified the state Department of Environment Protection when sediment contaminated with an undisclosed amount of cesium-137 fell into an excavation hole from a section of buried pipe that was being replaced. “The section of piping being replaced was between the plant storm drain system and the discharge canal.
The radioactive material was identified as Cs-137 but was not quantified at the time of this report.” This discharge canal flows into Lake Ontario.

On September 10, 2009, Northern States Power’s Monticello nuclear power plant notified the state of Minnesota that samples from a new groundwater test well near the reactor building sampled positive for tritium in groundwater at 21,300 picocuries per liter.

On August 25, 2009, Exelon’s Oyster Creek nuclear power station in Lacey Township, New Jersey, notified the state of New Jersey of a tritium leak to groundwater from a buried condensate pipe in concentration of 10 million picocuries per liter.

On July 10, 2009, Exelon’s Peach Bottom nuclear power station in Delta, Pennsylvania, issued a news release that an onsite exploratory well tested positive for tritium in groundwater at 123,000 picocuries per liter.

On June 6, 2009, Exelon’s Dresden nuclear power station in Morris, Illinois, reports as “part of the Station’s continuing environmental monitoring and sampling program sample results from some of the monitoring wells indicated tritium at elevated levels.”
The event notice further stated “The IEPA/ IEMA regulation requires notification when a release to soil, groundwater, or surface water goes offsite at greater than 200 pCi/l [picocuries per liter] or remains onsite greater than 0.002 Curies.
Based upon the monitoring well results and the volume and concentration of groundwater infiltration into the nearby storm sewer, it is likely that the 0.002 Curie onsite threshold has been exceeded.” The event report does not indicate by how much more, however. An excess of an “onsite threshold” of 0.002 Curie converts to more than 2 billion picocuries.

On May 11, 2009, Southern Nuclear Operating Company’s Hatch nuclear power plant in Baxley, Georgia, reported that on May 5, 2009 the operators were notified that a groundwater test well sampled positive for tritium at 36,300 picocuries per liter.
This sample was confirmed to represent an increase in the levels of tritium in the same test well last sampled on March 16, 2009 at 5,400 picocuries per liter.

On April 15, 2009, seven days after receiving a 20-year license extension from NRC, Exelon’s Oyster Creek nuclear power station in Lacey Township, New Jersey, notified the state of New Jersey of a “potential” release of tritium in a cable vault.
A leak to groundwater was later confirmed to be approximately 200,000 gallons of radioactive water as high as 6 million picocuries per liter.

On April 1, 2009, Progress Energy’s Shearon Harris nuclear power plant in North Carolina reported that as part of its ongoing voluntary Groundwater Protection Initiative a leak had occurred in the buried Cooling Tower Blowdown line and was releasing water contaminated with tritium at 2,120 picocuries per liter into the surrounding soil.
The buried pipeline is used to routinely discharge diluted tritium releases into Harris Lake.

On March 3, 2009, Dominion Energy’s Surry nuclear power plant near Williamsburg, Virginia, reported that an onsite relief valve opened for about 20 minutes before it was identified and closed down.

About 400 gallons of water contaminated with tritium at 4,810 picocuries per liter and cesium-137 at 25.1 picocuries per liter was spilled into soil.

The compendium of radioactive leaks from reactors to groundwater is long and continually growing as new leaks and spills will be added to the list.

Appendix A of this report provides a more comprehensive tally of radioactive leaks involving groundwater at U.S. reactor sites from 1963 through February 28, 2009.





GLP