In light of the current situation of the complete surveillance grid and storage of personally identifiable information, it is important to collect a list of resources, tools, and strategies to improve privacy and mitigate (or at least slow down) the ability for corporations and/or governments to collect such data.

Nothing can be considered 100% secure or trusted.

I will continually update this initial post with information relating to the following privacy conscious technology and software:
[link to gist.github.com (secure)]

Operating Systems:
Hardened Gentoo [link to wiki.gentoo.org (secure)]
Tails Live OS [link to tails.boum.org (secure)]
Liberté Linux (Last Update Sep. 1, 2012) [link to dee.su]
Tin Hat Linux [link to opensource.dyc.edu]
JonDo Live-CD [link to anonymous-proxy-servers.net (secure)]

Web Browsers and Plugins/Addons:
Mozilla Firefox [link to www.mozilla.org (secure)]
HTTPS Everywhere [link to www.eff.org (secure)]
NoScript [link to noscript.net]
BetterPrivacy [link to addons.mozilla.org (secure)]
RequestPolicy [link to addons.mozilla.org (secure)]

Search Engines:
Duck Duck Go [link to duckduckgo.com (secure)]
Startpage [link to www.startpage.com (secure)]

Encryption and Cryptography:
GNU Privacy Guard [link to www.gnupg.org (secure)]
EncFS [link to www.arg0.net]
TrueCrypt [link to www.truecrypt.org]

Email Providers and Software:
Mozilla Thunderbird [link to www.mozilla.org (secure)]
Enigmail OpenPGP [link to addons.mozilla.org (secure)]

Instant Messaging, Communications, and File Sharing:
Pidgin Multi-protocol Chat Client [link to pidgin.im]
Pidgin OTR (Off the Record) Encryption Plugin [link to otr.cypherpunks.ca (secure)]
RetroShare [link to retroshare.sourceforge.net]
Tox (Questionable) [link to tox.im]

Text and Document Sharing:
ZeroBin [link to sebsauvage.net]
Gist [link to gist.github.com (secure)]

VPN Services:
IPredator [link to www.ipredator.se (secure)]
PIA [link to www.privateinternetaccess.com (secure)]

Open Source Firewall Distributions and Firmware:
pfSense [link to www.pfsense.org]
dd-wrt [link to www.dd-wrt.com]
OpenWrt [link to openwrt.org (secure)]

Anonymity Services:
Tor Project
Tor Browser Bundle
I2P Anonymous Network [link to www.i2p2.de]
Freenet [link to freenetproject.org (secure)]

Android:
CyanogenMod [link to www.cyanogenmod.org]
Replicant [link to www.replicant.us]
TextSecure [link to play.google.com (secure)]
RedPhone [link to play.google.com (secure)]
F-Droid App Store [link to f-droid.org (secure)]

Backup:
Tarsnap [link to www.tarsnap.com]

Network Analysis and Testsing:
Kali Linux [link to www.kali.org]
Wireshark [link to www.wireshark.org (secure)]
dSploit (Android) [link to dsploit.net]

Monetary Systems and Payment Gateways:
Bitcoin [link to bitcoin.org]

Security and Privacy Related Websites and Blogs:
Schneier on Security [link to www.schneier.com (secure)]
Prism Break [link to prism-break.org (secure)]
Electronic Frontier Foundation [link to www.eff.org (secure)]
/r/privacy r/netsec
SecurityTube [link to www.securitytube.net]
erratasec [link to blog.erratasec.com]

Please post any experiences and/or knowledge of the pros/cons of such services and technologies and provide any suggestions of what others should research and consider using in their attempt to maintain some semblance of privacy in today's age of fusion processing centers and user identifying analytic systems.