ALTERNATIVES TO VIOLENT (RE)ACTION: CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE (The thoughts of Thoreau, Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. and more)

Civil Disobedience

"Civil disobedience encompasses the active refusal to obey certain laws, demands and commands of a government or of an occupying power without resorting to physical violence. Civil disobedience has been used in nonviolent resistance movements in India (Gandhi's social welfare campaigns and campaigns to speed up independence from the United Kingdom), in South Africa in the fight against apartheid, in the American Civil Rights Movement in the fight against segregation and disfranchisement, and in Europe, for example in the Scandinavian resistance to Nazi occupation..."

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Civil Disobedience

"Civil disobedience, refusal to obey a law or follow a policy believed to be unjust. Practitioners of civil disobediance basing their actions on moral right and usually employ the nonviolent technique of passive resistance in order to bring wider attention to the injustice. Risking punishment, such as violent retaliatory acts or imprisonment, they attempt to bring about changes in the law. In the modern era, civil disobedience has been used in such events as street demonstrations, marches, the occupying of buildings, and strikes and other forms of economic resistance.

The philosophy behind civil disobedience goes back to classical and biblical sources. Perhaps its most influential exposition can be found in Henry David Thoreau's On the Duty of Civil Disobedience (1849), in which he claims that the individual, who grants the state its power in the first place, must follow the dictates of conscience in opposing unjust laws. Thoreau's work had an enormous impact on Mohandas Gandhi and the techniques that he employed first to gain Indian rights in South Africa and later to win independence for India..."

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Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau - 1849

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