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"HHV-6 infects most humans in the first years of life, and produces a lifelong infection thereafter. It is very difficult, therefore, to conclusively demonstrate that such a ubiquitous virus contributes to the pathogenesis of any particular condition. With that caveat, there is growing evidence associating HHV-6 infection with MS, MTLE, encephalitis in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent subjects, and with the CFS. The neuroimaging features of the various associations will lend themselves for earlier detection and prospective clinical trials. As more is learned about the cellular mechanisms of HHV-6 infections, it may be possible to establish more firmly a cause and effect relationship between HHV-6 and CNS disease."