Menander

was a first-century CE Samaritan gnostic, magician and a leader of the Simonians following the death of his master and instructor, Simon Magus, who was in Rome during the reign of Emperor Claudius.

He is mentioned in the works of Irenaeus, Tertullian and others. Justin Martyr is the oldest source of knowledge about Menander after he met some of the devoted Menandrians in their old age.

Menander was born in Cappareteia and established a school in Antioch where he announced himself a messiah and vowed to defeat the angels that were keeping the world in captivity, possibly through exorcism.

Irenaeus claimed that those in receipt of Menander's water baptism no longer grew old and became immortal.

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Antitactæ,

or antitactici, in antiquity, were a sect of gnostics who believe that God was good and just, but that one of his creatures had created evil, and had engaged humans to follow it, in order to set us in opposition to God. They believed that it was the duty of humanity to oppose this author of evil, in order to avenge God of his enemy. Their name is from the ancient Greek for "I oppose; I am contrary".

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