pdf:
[link to drive.google.com (secure)]

This summary curve also indicated the upcoming modern grand solar minimum 1 in cycles 25–27
(2020–2053) and modern grand solar minimum 2 (2370–2415). This will bring to the modern times the
unique low activity conditions of the Sun, which occurred during Maunder minimum. It is expected that
during the modern grand solar minimum, the solar activity will be reduced significantly as this happened
during Maunder minimum (Figure 4, bottom plot). Similarly to Maunder Minimum, as discussed above,
the reduction of solar magnetic field will cause a decrease of solar irradiance by about 0.22% for a duration
of three solar cycles (25–27) for the first modern grand minimum (2020–2053) and four solar cycles from
the second modern grand minimum (2370–2415).
This, in turn, can lead to a drop of the terrestrial temperature by up to 1.0°C from the current
temperature during the next three cycles (25–27) of grand minimum 1. The largest temperature drops
will be approaching during the local minima between cycles 25 − 26 and cycles 26–27 when the lowest
solar activity level is achieved using the estimations in Figure 2 (bottom plot) and Figure 3. Therefore, the
average temperature in the Northern hemisphere can be reduced by up to 1.0°C from the current
temperature, which was increased by 1.4°C since Maunder minimum. This will result in the average
temperature to become lower than the current one to be only 0.4°C higher than the temperature
measured in 1710. Then, after the modern grand solar minimum 1 is over, the solar activity in cycle
28 will be restored to normal in the rather short but powerful grand solar cycle lasting between 2053 and
2370, as shown in Figure 3, before it approaches the next grand solar minimum 2 in 2370.