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"In March 2021, the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) partnered with the Munich Security Conference (MSC)
to conduct a tabletop exercise on reducing high-consequence biological threats. Conducted virtually, the
exercise examined gaps in national and international biosecurity and pandemic preparedness architectures
and explored opportunities to improve capabilities to prevent and respond to high-consequence biological
events. Participants included 19 senior leaders and experts from across Africa, the Americas, Asia, and
Europe with decades of combined experience in public health, biotechnology industry, international
security, and philanthropy.
The exercise scenario portrayed a deadly, global pandemic involving an unusual strain of monkeypox virus
that emerged in the fictional nation of Brinia and spread globally over 18 months. Ultimately, the exercise
scenario revealed that the initial outbreak was caused by a terrorist attack using a pathogen engineered
in a laboratory with inadequate biosafety and biosecurity provisions and weak oversight. By the end of
the exercise, the fictional pandemic resulted in more than three billion cases and 270 million fatalities
worldwide."
United States
