The Wondering Hat: Iterations of the Medieval Pointed Hat

From the twelfth to the seventeenth century, a cone-shaped hat called a pileus cornutus served as a distinguishing sign in the German-speaking regions of the Holy Roman Empire. What did the hat signify previously, and how did its meaning change after it was adopted by decree in the thirteenth century? This study traces its history as far back as Greek antiquity, when a pointed “Phrygian” hat was used as a means of identifying barbarians.


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