The characteristcs of the races do not match those of countries on Earth.
If Vulcan philosophy may be associated with Japanese,surely China is not a democracy!Having a Senate,a Praetor,libertarian people who keep all matters secret..(romulans)
Yes,Bajor seems to be Greece.
Also,Mintakans are Moldovans,only good at agriculture,nice people..
More political character:

The Romulans:have an all-powerfull secret service,called Tal-Shiar which often eneters conflict with the Army.
The Ferengi are ruled by the Rules of Aquisition and are too,a democracy.
The Federation is composed of many different worlds and is ruled by Starfleet Council,much like an army council.They have a President.
The Cardassians evolved on a planet ravaged by war and famine and only military dictatorship saved them.Their secret service is seond to Romulans
The Klingons are ruled by the High Chancellor ,Martok or Goron,they have muck like a dictatorial government,are warriors led by honour and are very savage(much like Chinese or Japanese).Their outfit suggests the Japanese Samurai

The Federation is in a cold conflict with the Romulans and a warm one (previous) with the Cardassians
The Romulans hate Ferengi and the Federation,of course
the Cardassians hate Klingons(have been at war for a very long time) and the Federation.
the Klingons hate Ferengi(dishonourable) and the Cardassians
the Ferengi hate Romulans(no trade in their territory )and Klingons

so..little trasposition:
USA-Romania and Russia
Romania-Israel and USA
Russia-Japan(war since 1945) and USA
Japan-Israel and Russia
Israel-Romania and Japan

oh yeah,let's see it it fits:
cold war between USA and Russia
war between Japan and Russia
strained relations because of WW2 between Romania and Israel(400000 Jews masacred)
Japan's economy trying to dominate the world (Klingons manuf are the best in BOTF) ,but suffers a terrible loss in 1997 as a result of international (rich) jewish transactions