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Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident

 
Anonymous Coward
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11/16/2014 08:17 AM
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Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
The radionuclides released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in 2011 pose a health risk. In this study, we estimated the 1st-year average doses resulting from the intake of iodine 131 (131I) and cesium 134 and 137 (134Cs and 137Cs) in drinking water and food ingested by citizens of Fukushima City (~50 km from the nuclear power plant; outside the evacuation zone), Tokyo (~230 km), and Osaka (~580 km) after the accident.

For citizens in Fukushima City, we considered two scenarios: Case 1, citizens consumed vegetables bought from markets; Case 2, citizens consumed vegetables grown locally (conservative scenario). The estimated effective doses of 134Cs and 137Cs agreed well with those estimated through market basket and food-duplicate surveys.

The average thyroid equivalent doses due to ingestion of 131I for adults were 840 mcSv (Case 1) and 2700 mcSv (Case 2) in Fukushima City, 370 mcSv in Tokyo, and 16 mcSv in Osaka.

The average effective doses due to 134Cs and 137Cs were 19, 120, 6.1, and 1.9 mcSv, respectively.

The doses estimated in this study were much lower than values reported by the World Health Organization and the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, whose assessments lacked validation and full consideration of regional trade in foods, highlighting the importance of including regional trade.

The 95th percentile effective doses were 2–3 times the average values. Lifetime attributable risks (LARs) of thyroid cancers due to ingestion were 2.3–39×10−6 (Case 1) and 10–98×10−6 (Case 2) in Fukushima City, 0.95–14×10−6 in Tokyo, and 0.11–1.3×10−6 in Osaka. The contributions of LARs of thyroid cancers due to ingestion were 7.5%–12% of all exposure (Case 1) and 12%–30% (Case 2) in Fukushima City.

This Study comes in a Open Access at: [link to www.plosone.org]

PS: i changed the Sign for "Micro-Sievert" from uSv to mcSv,
i have no Way on this Com to change the other Units!
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 65690171
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12/03/2014 05:30 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
Sadly the whole Study is not for Free now (but later)
People who are in a University may have Access:

Absence of Internal Radiation Contamination by Radioactive Cesium among Children Affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster.
Chronic internal radiation contamination accounts for a substantial fraction of long-term cumulative radiation exposure among residents in radiation-contaminated areas. However, little information is available on ongoing chronic internal radiation contamination among residents near the crippled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant.

Using a whole body counter, internal radiation contamination levels among elementary and middle school students who commute to 22 schools located within Minamisoma city were assessed between May and July 2013 (26 to 28 mo after the disaster).

Of 3,299 elementary and middle school students in the city, 3,255 individuals (98%) were screened through school health check-ups. Not a single student was detected with internal radiation contamination due to radioactive cesium.

The study found no risk of chronic internal radiation exposure among residents near the crippled nuclear power plant. Current food inspection by local governments, volunteers, and farmers has been functioning well within Fukushima prefecture.


However, food management by screening suspected contamination along with whole body counter screening are key public health interventions and should be continued to avoid further internal radiation exposure in radiation-contaminated areas.

[link to www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Anonymous Coward
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12/03/2014 11:17 PM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
Bump

To fight Stupidity, Ignorance and Ene-Trolls with scientific Facts Flower
Anonymous Coward
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12/06/2014 02:24 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
One more, new Study in a Open Access:

Radiation Exposure Dose in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture after the Accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant
Anonymous Coward
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12/06/2014 02:25 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
One more, new Study in a Open Access:

Radiation Exposure Dose in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture after the Accident at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 65721722


As a result of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) on 11 March 2011, a huge amount of radionuclides, including radiocesium, was released and spread over a wide area of eastern Japan. Although three years have passed since the accident, residents around the FNPP are anxious about internal radiation exposure due to radiocesium. In this study, we screened internal radiation exposure doses in Iwaki city of Fukushima prefecture, using a whole-body counter. The first screening was conducted from October 2012 to February 2013, and the second screening was conducted from May to November 2013. Study participants were employees of ALPINE and their families who underwent examination.

A total of 2,839 participants (1,366 men and 1,473 women, 1–86 years old) underwent the first screening, and 2,092 (1,022 men and 1,070 women, 1–86 years old) underwent the second screening. The results showed that 99% of subjects registered below 300 Bq per body in the first screening, and all subjects registered below 300 Bq per body in the second screening.

The committed effective dose ranged from 0.01–0.06 mSv in the first screening and 0.01–0.02 mSv in the second screening. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to avoid unnecessary chronic internal exposure and to reduce anxiety among the residents by communicating radiation health risks.
[link to www.plosone.org]


it is a 11 Pages Pdf Flower
Anonymous Coward
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12/06/2014 02:31 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
I think this is good news right? So we can solve the problem of nuclear waste disposal by simply letting these reactors all over the world explode?

Don't mention this to harry reid, he has like 3 more generations of politicians in his family that want to milk the Yucca mountain stuff. Then they will just be lobbyists!
Anonymous Coward
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12/06/2014 02:38 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
I think this is good news right? So we can solve the problem of nuclear waste disposal by simply letting these reactors all over the world explode?

Don't mention this to harry reid, he has like 3 more generations of politicians in his family that want to milk the Yucca mountain stuff. Then they will just be lobbyists!
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 64928991


No, you misunderstand this Studies and the reason why i posting this Info!

1. The Containments in FDNP do not "explode"
the Cores just melted down.

2. Japan evacuated quickly ca. 185.000 People

3. Japan provided extreme good Radiation Monitoring
after the Damage of the Tsunami was "controllable".

4. Ca. 80% of the Emissions went to the Open Sea
and do not polluted our Soil.

etc.

To say what you are saying is stupid, ignorant but typical
for Ene-Trolls.

You must understand that we have a lot of Luck with this Disaster
and it is highly doubtful that we get so much luck again Flower
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 64928991
United States
12/06/2014 02:46 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
I think this is good news right? So we can solve the problem of nuclear waste disposal by simply letting these reactors all over the world explode?

Don't mention this to harry reid, he has like 3 more generations of politicians in his family that want to milk the Yucca mountain stuff. Then they will just be lobbyists!
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 64928991


No, you misunderstand this Studies and the reason why i posting this Info!

1. The Containments in FDNP do not "explode"
the Cores just melted down.

2. Japan evacuated quickly ca. 185.000 People

3. Japan provided extreme good Radiation Monitoring
after the Damage of the Tsunami was "controllable".

4. Ca. 80% of the Emissions went to the Open Sea
and do not polluted our Soil.

etc.

To say what you are saying is stupid, ignorant but typical
for Ene-Trolls.

You must understand that we have a lot of Luck with this Disaster
and it is highly doubtful that we get so much luck again Flower
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 65721722


Okay, so if we got lucky should that put a fire under the ass of harry reid to put the spent fuel in the middle of fricking uninhabited desert or should we force japan to store them in cooling pools built on top of their reactors until the french can process? The japs have no room. The USA does. And harry reid and his cronies have gotten billions of dollars to fan dance. Which is gross, and no one would pay for it if they did not insist we do.

Or should we just keep pressing our luck?
Anonymous Coward
User ID: 65721722
Japan
12/06/2014 02:57 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
I think this is good news right? So we can solve the problem of nuclear waste disposal by simply letting these reactors all over the world explode?

Don't mention this to harry reid, he has like 3 more generations of politicians in his family that want to milk the Yucca mountain stuff. Then they will just be lobbyists!
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 64928991


No, you misunderstand this Studies and the reason why i posting this Info!

1. The Containments in FDNP do not "explode"
the Cores just melted down.

2. Japan evacuated quickly ca. 185.000 People

3. Japan provided extreme good Radiation Monitoring
after the Damage of the Tsunami was "controllable".

4. Ca. 80% of the Emissions went to the Open Sea
and do not polluted our Soil.

etc.

To say what you are saying is stupid, ignorant but typical
for Ene-Trolls.

You must understand that we have a lot of Luck with this Disaster
and it is highly doubtful that we get so much luck again Flower
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 65721722


Okay, so if we got lucky should that put a fire under the ass of harry reid to put the spent fuel in the middle of fricking uninhabited desert or should we force japan to store them in cooling pools built on top of their reactors until the french can process? The japs have no room. The USA does. And harry reid and his cronies have gotten billions of dollars to fan dance. Which is gross, and no one would pay for it if they did not insist we do.

Or should we just keep pressing our luck?
 Quoting: Anonymous Coward 64928991


Actually the US-Gringos have much more Spent Fuel in their Pools
than the Japanese.

But, in Theory, the Spent Fuel is much safer when it get stored in a proper, professional Way "and" underground!

This Spent Fuel Pools in the EU of A. are much more vulnerable than the Japanese because our Plants are designed to stand strong Earthquakes
but the American Plants would resist only small Tremors!
Anonymous Coward
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Japan
12/06/2014 02:59 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
Also we have a new Translation:
The Leakage of Contaminated Water
at TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
and the Safety of Fishery Products (provisional translation)


[link to www.jfa.maff.go.jp]
Anonymous Coward
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Japan
12/07/2014 03:26 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
Thyroid Status of Children and Adolescents in Fukushima Prefecture Examined during 20–30 Months after the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Disaster: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study

Abstract

Background


A possible increase in thyroid cancer in the young represents the most critical health problem to be considered after the nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan (March 2011), which is an important lesson from the Chernobyl disaster (April 1986). Although it was reported that childhood thyroid cancer had started to increase 3–5 yr after the Chernobyl accident, we speculate that the actual period of latency might have been shorter than reported, considering the delay in initiating thyroid surveillance in the then Soviet Union and also the lower quality of ultrasonographic testing in the 1980s. Our primary objectives in the present study were to identify any possible thyroid abnormality in young Fukushima citizens at a relatively early timepoint (20–30 months) after the accident, and also to strive to find a possible relationship among thyroid ultrasonographic findings, thyroid-relevant biochemical markers, and iodine-131 ground deposition in the locations of residence where they stayed during very early days after the accident.

Methods and Findings

This is a cross-sectional study. We targeted the Fukushima residents who were 18 yr old or younger (including fetuses) at the time of the accident. Our examinations comprised a questionnaire, thyroid ultrasonography, thyroid-related blood tests, and urinary iodine measurement. We analyzed a possible relationship among thyroid ultrasonographic findings (1,137 subjects), serum hormonal data (731 subjects), urinary iodine concentrations (770 subjects), and iodine-131 ground deposition (1,137 subjects). We did not find any significant relationship among these indicators, and no participant was diagnosed to contract thyroid cancer.

Conclusions

At the timepoint of 20–30 months after the accident, we did not confirm any discernible deleterious effects of the emitted radioactivity on the thyroid of young Fukushima residents. This is the first report in English detailing the thyroid status of young Fukushima residents after the nuclear disaster.

comes in open Access too: [link to www.plosone.org]
Anonymous Coward
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06/13/2015 07:40 PM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
Assessment of the Annual Additional Effective Doses amongst Minamisoma Children during the Second Year after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Disaster

Abstract

An assessment of the external and internal radiation exposure levels, which includes calculation of effective doses from chronic radiation exposure and assessment of long-term radiation-related health risks, has become mandatory for residents living near the nuclear power plant in Fukushima, Japan. Data for all primary and secondary children in Minamisoma who participated in both external and internal screening programs were employed to assess the annual additional effective dose acquired due to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant disaster. In total, 881 children took part in both internal and external radiation exposure screening programs between 1st April 2012 to 31st March 2013.

The level of additional effective doses ranged from 0.025 to 3.49 mSv/year with the median of 0.70 mSv/year. While 99.7% of the children (n = 878) were not detected with internal contamination, 90.3% of the additional effective doses was the result of external radiation exposure.

This finding is relatively consistent with the doses estimated by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR).

The present study showed that the level of annual additional effective doses among children in Minamisoma has been low, even after the inter-individual differences were taken into account. The dose from internal radiation exposure was negligible presumably due to the success of contaminated food control.

It is coming in a "Open Access"!
[link to www.plosone.org]
Anonymous Coward
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08/09/2015 02:16 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
Here is one more Update:

Whole-body counter surveys of over 2700 babies and small children in and around Fukushima Prefecture 33 to 49 months after the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident

on 30 Jul 2015)
BABYSCAN, a whole body counter (WBC) for small children was developed in 2013, and units have been installed at three hospitals in Fukushima Prefecture. Between December, 2013 and March, 2015, 2702 children between the ages of 0 and 11 have been scanned, and none had detectable levels of radioactive cesium. The minimum detectable activities (MDAs) for 137Cs were less 3,5 Bq kg−1 for ages 0-1, decreasing to less 2 Bq kg−1 for ages 10-11. Including the 134Cs contribution, these translate to a maximum committed effective dose of ∼16μSv y−1 even for newborn babies, and therefore the internal exposure risks can be considered negligibly small.


[link to arxiv.org]

It is coming in public Access
Anonymous Coward
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08/13/2015 04:12 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
Updated Version:

The Fukushima Health Management Survey: estimation of external doses to residents in Fukushima Prefecture
The Fukushima Health Management Survey (including the Basic Survey for external dose estimation and four detailed surveys) was launched after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. The Basic Survey consists of a questionnaire that asks Fukushima Prefecture residents about their behavior in the first four months after the accident; and responses to the questionnaire have been returned from many residents. The individual external doses are estimated by using digitized behavior data and a computer program that included daily gamma ray dose rate maps drawn after the accident.

The individual external doses of 421,394 residents for the first four months (excluding radiation workers) had a distribution as follows: 62.0%, <1&#8201;mSv; 94.0%, <2&#8201;mSv; 99.4%, <3&#8201;mSv.

The arithmetic mean and maximum for the individual external doses were 0.8 and 25&#8201;mSv, respectively. While most dose estimation studies were based on typical scenarios of evacuation and time spent inside/outside, the Basic Survey estimated doses considering individually different personal behaviors.

Thus, doses for some individuals who did not follow typical scenarios could be revealed.

Even considering such extreme cases, the estimated external doses were generally low and no discernible increased incidence of radiation-related health effects is expected.

This whole Survey comes in a free and Open Access:
[link to www.nature.com]
Anonymous Coward
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Canada
08/13/2015 04:17 AM
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Re: Radionuclides and Health Risks for the Citizens of Fukushima City, Tokyo, and Osaka after the 2011 Nuclear Accident
The Question now:
"Is everything what we, as the normal People,
knew about the potential Danger of Radioactivity wrong"?


or

"Is the whole interdisciplinary scientific Community
and in the whole World corrupted"?





GLP